Item #2 Population Change and Demographic Trends for Austin's Hispanic/Latino Population Presentation — original pdf

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Population Change and Demographic Trends for Austin’s Hispanic/Latina/o/x Population Hispanic/Latino Quality of Life Resource Advisory Commission August 27, 2024 Austin’s population has been doubling every 20 to 25 years. Recent growth has been at a slower rate. 1,137,983 961,855 974,447 Period of greatest growth 656,562 Period of fastest growth since 1900 251,808 National Ranking: 73rd 67th 56th 42nd 27th 16th 14th 11th 10th Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Censuses 1870 – 2020; 2022 Vintage Census Bureau Population Estimates; 2025, 2030 CoA Projections. 2 1,250,000 1,000,000 750,000 500,000 250,000 .974 million 4,428 0 The Hispanic population has always been a part of Austin’s growth history. 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 First time Hispanics were broken out from White. Black population split into “free” and “slave”. Initially measured simply as “Chinese”. “Mexican” included in Other Race. White Hispanic Black 1850 628 1860 2505 1870 2813 1880 7407 1900 1890 10956 16414 22366 27928 38209 73025 114652 161806 184859 232324 287166 353706 385271 452994 1940 1930 1950 1960 1970 1980 2010 2020 1990 2000 1910 1920 American Indian & Alaska Native Asian & Pacific Islander Population 9 10 1 8 2 14 22 27 29 4 40 10 107 39 184 170 622 1,003 1,756 1,967 2,002 3,642 14,141 31,421 49,560 86,381 1 989 1615 3587 3610 5822 7478 6921 14861 17667 24413 29845 42118 55824 66738 60760 66002 5014 9868 36623 64766 106868 200579 277707 312448 Asian & Pacific Islander Population American Indian & Alaska Native Black Hispanic White Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Historical Census 1790-1990; Texas Demographic Center 1980-2000; data.census.gov 2010-2020 3 Hispanic or Latina/o/x Population, Austin, 1970-2020 88% 312,448 77% 200,579 65% 106,868 277,707 38% 36,623 64,766 13% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Hispanic Population Percent Change 312,448 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Historical Census Statistics for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the U.S. 4 Where do Austinites come from? Place of Birth, 2022 Total Population Hispanics Asians Born in Texas Born in other US State Native born, outside US Born in Another Country 48% 32% 2% 18% 58% 13% 2% 27% 19% 18% 2% 61% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2022 1-Year Estimates Note: Figures in red represent a decrease since 2012, in blue an increase since 2012. 5 Components of Population Change, Austin Metro Area, 2022-2023 Drivers of Growth  Migration continues to be a major component of growth to the Austin metro area.  Migration from other parts of Texas and other states made up 45% of the growth in the Austin metro area between July 1, 2022, and July 1, 2023. Domestic Migration 45%  Significant increase in the share of international migration during this time.  Natural increase remains relatively stable. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Vintage 2023. Natural Increase 33% Int'l Migration 22% 6 Although migration has long been a major contributor of growth to the Austin region, recent figures show slower growth coming from domestic migration. Components of Population Change, Austin Metro, 2011-2023 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Natural Increase Int'l Migration Domestic Migration Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates. 7 Diversity within Austin’s Hispanic Population Top 10 Origins of Hispanics, 2022 Population Share of Hispanic Total Population Percent Change, 2012-2022 Mexican Honduran Spaniard or Spanish Guatemalan Cuban Puerto Rican Salvadoran Venezuelan Colombian 220,253 21,711 11,993 10,540 8,699 8,331 6,002 4,885 4,555 68.2% 6.7% 3.7% 3.3% 2.6% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5% 1.4% -9.6% 246.8% 64.1% 285.5% 87.3% 64.0% 50.0% 755.5% 29.3% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2012, 2022 1-Year Estimates 8 Austin’s immigrant population originates from over 120 different countries. Top 20 Countries of Origin of Foreign-Born Population in Austin, 2022 1. Mexico 6. Guatemala 11.The 16.Afghanistan 2. India 3. China* 7. Cuba 8. Korea 4. Honduras 9. El Salvador 5. Vietnam 10.Canada Philippines 12.Venezuela 13.Nigeria 14.Taiwan 15.Germany 17.Colombia 18.Brazil 19.Pakistan 20.Iraq Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2022 5-Year Estimates; Note: *excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan Over 45 different languages are spoken by Austin residents; 10.3% are limited English speakers. Top 15 Languages spoken by Austin residents 5 years and older 1. English 2. Spanish 3. Chinese, including Mandarin and Cantonese 4. Hindi 5. Yoruba, Twi, Igbo or other Western African languages 6. Vietnamese 7. Tamil 8. Korean including Cajun 9. Telugu 10. French, 11. Arabic 12. Nepali, 13. Tagalog, including Filipino 14. Portuguese 15. Urdu Marathi, or other Indic languages Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2022 1-Year Estimates Languages Spoken in Austin Homes, 2022 Population 5 years and older who: Total Population Asians Hispanics Speak only English Bilingual Speak English less than very well 70.4% 29.6% 10.3% 72.3% 27.7% 60.4% 39.6% Speak English less than “very well” 5 to 17 years old 18 to 64 years old 65 years and older Asian and Pacific Island language speakers 18.8% Spanish speakers Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2022 1-Year Estimates 45.2% 24.0% 39.4% 56.2% 31.1% 11 Percent Hispanic Population, 2020 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data, 2010, 2020. 12 Change in Hispanic Population, 2010-2020 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data, 2010, 2020. 13 Demographic shifts in Austin this last decade are unique and distinct from national and state shifts. The Hispanic population expanded by 34,741 to 312,448. Increase of 34,741 20% Austin vs 50% TX, U.S. growth Down from 35.1% to 32.5% -6,650 Latino children Hispanics contributed 20% of Austin’s total growth last decade, a smaller share than seen across the country and the state. First time the Hispanic population decreased as a share of the total Austin population. Despite growth in the total child population, Hispanic children experienced population decline between 2010 and 2020. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census, 2010, 2020. 14 Socio-Economic Indicators Educational attainment for Austin Hispanics has increased but still falls below Austin levels. High School or GED and above 2022 2012 Bachelor’s Degree and above 2012 2022 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80.7 62.9 Austin Hispanics Total Austin Texas Hispanics Total Texas U.S. Hispanics Total U.S. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 38.6 19.9 Austin Hispanics Total Austin Texas Hispanics Total Texas U.S. Hispanics Total U.S. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2012 and 2022 1-Year Estimates 16 Bachelor degree attainment for White Austinites is 1.8 times greater than for Hispanic Austinites. Adults with a Bachelor’s Degree and Above by Race/Ethnicity, 2015 to 2022 t n e c r e P 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total NH White Black Asian Hispanic 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates 17 White incomes are 1.5 times greater than Hispanic and Black household incomes. Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity $140,000 Total Black Asian Hispanic NH White $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates 18 Homeownership for Latino Austin households has decreased since 2010. Austin Homeownership Rate by Race/Ethnicity 2010-2022 50.5 45.1 43.0 35.7 31.0 52.1 White 44.2 42.2 Total Asian 34.6 31.5 Hispanic Black 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates 19 Housing cost-burden disproportionately impacts renters, especially Hispanic & Black renters. Percent of Households paying 30% or more of their income toward housing 58.2% 51.9% 41.2% 39.4% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Asian Renter Asian Owner Black Renter Hispanic Renter Hispanic Owner White Renter Black Owner White Owner Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates 20 Austin Hispanic Households  Hispanics have the highest household size but are following the city’s declining trend, from 3.13 to 2.89.  At 9%, Hispanics have the lowest share of those living alone in Austin.  More than half (54%) of all multigenerational households in Austin are Hispanic households. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 and 2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Household Characteristics Photo: Preservation Austin 21 Changes to Race, Ethnicity Categories New Race, Ethnicity Categories:  Separate questions for Race and Ethnicity. – Hispanic ethnicity  New question format: – Combines race and ethnicity into one question – Adds a new race category for Middle Eastern and North African, separate from White – Replaces “Far East” terminology “East Asian” – Drops “Other” from “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” race category 23 New Race, Ethnicity Categories:  Separate questions for Race and Ethnicity. – Hispanic ethnicity  New question format: – Combines race and ethnicity into one question – Adds a new race category for Middle Eastern and North African, separate from White – Replaces “Far East” terminology “East Asian” – Drops “Other” from “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” race category 24 What Census Calls Us: A Historical Timeline Pew Research Center https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/PH_15.06.11_MultiRacial-Timeline.pdf https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/05/who-is-hispanic/ 25 Challenges Continued geographic segregation is yielding a farther eastward movement of the Eastern Crescent Unique pattern of growth among Hispanic and Black population, especially among children Persistent racial disparities in key socioeconomic indicators Disproportionate impact of decreasing affordability with implications on homeownership 26 Opportunities  Hispanics make up the second largest and rapidly-growing community in Austin and the region  Maximize significant gains in education of Hispanics.  Leverage expansion in middle-skill jobs coming to the region while continuing to up-skill and build in- roads to high-skill job sectors.  Continue to foster, preserve, and champion entrepreneurship and cultural contributions of the community 27  Visit our website  “Age of Change” and “Building the Future” story maps  Data Request form  Sign up here for occasional emails on our latest demographic analysis. austintexas.gov/demographics 28 Q & A 29 Thank you! Lila Valencia, Ph.D. City Demographer lila.valencia@austintexas.gov