08 C814-82-006.02(83) - Lake Austin Commons PUD Amendment; District 9 Staff Report Part 2 — original pdf

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Email from Barbara Koonce To: Jonathan Tomko 9/9/24 5:34pm  Steering Committee Members: Christopher Hurst AIA, Chair Paula Hern, Meghan Yancy, Claudette Kazzoun, Rob Kish, Steve Amos, Germaine Curry, Margaret Sullivan, William Osborn, David Schofman, Shawn Shillington, Erika Tatum September 8, 2024 RE: C814-82-006.02(83) - Lake Austin Commons PUD Amendment - 1717 West 6th Street - Agenda Item 8 Dear Chair Hempel and Planning Commissioners, The Old West Austin Neighborhood Association, OWANA, opposes the 1717 W 6th Street PUD Amendment changing a condition of zoning. This is not just a rezoning case to get more height, additional uses or increased FAR. It is also about rectifying a use blatantly non-compliant with current zoning. Last fall Aquila, the building owner, and Austin Pickle Ranch, a tenant, constructed eight new pickleball courts on the top level of the existing parking garage. In addition to the courts, five new pole floodlights were installed on the north perimeter adjacent to W 6th Street and the existing security light poles were changed out to include one flood light per pole. These courts are an illegal use under the current PUD and the improvements were constructed without a building permit. This new business began operating October 1st, 2023 seven days a week from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. Within a few weeks the neighbors began to be concerned about the noise and lights and contacted Aquila to set up a meeting with Austin Pickle Ranch. The nearby neighbors advised that the noise and light from pickleball was becoming a nuisance. For weeks after the meeting, no remediation effort was noticed by the neighbors. Amplified sound was coming from the court area and every night the lights were left on until sunrise. Another meeting in mid-November between the parties resulted in an agreement to get back in touch with the neighbors in 45 days. But after 45 days, there was no response. The lights, amplified sound and the repetitive impulsive sound frequency of the pickleball volleys created a distressing environmental condition and disrupted the quality of life of the immediate neighbors. In January, Aquila requested a meeting with OWANA’s zoning committee. We met on February 1st and were told that Aquila would be filing an amendment to their PUD and wanted to notify us and discuss the issues the neighbors were having with pickleball and try to rectify the situation. We were told lights would be turned off at 10:15, light shields would be ordered, mitigation equipment would be considered and a sound study would be done. By the end of February, the perimeter lights were off by 10:15 p.m. but the court lights on the security light poles remained on until the end of April and still no light shields had been installed. The neighbors invited Aquila to see with their own eyes the effect of the lights and noise in their homes. Aquila never showed up. OWANA suggested changing equipment – using quiet rackets and different balls to reduce the noise, but the building ownership could not encourage their tenant to comply. Continuing frustration on the part of the neighbors led them and OWANA to place a complaint by call to 311 on April 25th. Several neighbors and an OWANA representative then met with Council Member Zo on May 7th to discuss the matter. He was helpful in getting the attention of the Code Compliance department for investigation of the complaint. On May 10th a Code Compliance officer met with the tenant business owner on site and issued a citation to cease the prohibited use until proper zoning and permitting could been obtained. There was no cessation, instead play continued on the courts. On May 30th the Austin Pickle Ranch presented a sound study to OWANA and the neighbors with recommendations, updated paddle rules, and what they styled as their final attempt to mitigate noise and lighting issues. The basic vibe of the delivery was that Austin Pickle Ranch was trying to promote health and happiness and that pickleball was not a problem – the neighbors are. Play continued on the courts until the building owners finally locked them out of the space and had them close the premises on June 7th without ever installing the lighting shields. The Pickle Ranch sound study did not use industry standard methods for measuring sound, pitch, etc. that are specific to the sport. This led OWANA to hire PSM (Pickleball Sound Mitigation) Consulting, a nationally recognized pickleball sound mitigation consultant. See attached report recently received by OWANA. On another attempt to reach a compromise last week we suggested the consultant’s recommendation to add a 10 foot tall acoustic barrier having a weight of one pound per square foot or greater that would provide a sufficient acoustic remediation to bring the noise down to a reasonable level for the neighbors. Aquila has indicated they are unwilling to commit to the compromise. OWANA is running out of patience with the applicant's response to its requests and has unfortunately spent an inordinate amount of time and money discussing and addressing pickleball noise and lighting remediation for a clearly illegal use. OWANA does not own this problem; Aquila and the Pickle Ranch own this responsibility. Other aspects of the proposed PUD amendment that concerns the neighborhood are as follows. 1. The added authorization for use by a cocktail lounge in the parking garage. 2. There has been a lack of focus on the hazardous traffic conditions caused by the current illegal use. Since Pickleball Ranch opened, there has been an increase in cars exiting the Hartland Plaza parking garage taking an illegal right turn to access W. 6th Street. Neighbors exiting Patterson St. onto W. 6th Street have been run off the road. (See attached diagram). This is a major traffic hazard. 3. There has been an uptick of pickleball players parking in the neighborhood because they are not wanting to 4. The lack of proper fencing is a safety concern for players and for stopping balls from flying over the parapet pay the $5 parking garage fee. wall. 5. Aquila is requesting authority to double the height of the building without providing any plans or ideas of how this will work both in terms of massing, traffic and pedestrian experience and compatibility with existing uses. If the developer is willing to commit to a percentage of affordable housing, then OWANA would be more inclined to accept a height increase. However, Aquila mentioned that is unlikely they will add residential for 20 years. It is the City’s and the Planning Commission’s responsibility to study the effects of zoning and use changes and their consequences. We are unable to reach an agreement for the reason that Aquila is unwilling to adequately address the problem they created. This PUD amendment is asking for considerable discretionary development authority without stating clear intentions for usage. And the timing of the development is uncertain, because the Austin Pickle Ranch was given a seven year lease, for its illegal use. For these reasons, after repeated efforts to reach a compromise, we oppose this zoning change. We ask you to validate our position by opposing this application. Denial of the application would send a message to developers and owners that the city will not give in to projects without permits and compliance and later be excused by approving a zoning change to make them compliant without addressing the neighborhood’s reasonable requests. In other words, in this case, it is not appropriate to ask forgiveness afterwards instead of permission beforehand. Sincerely, Christopher Hurst, AIA OWANA Chair  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 1 Analysis of Pickleball Noise from Pickle Ranch, West 6th Street Austin, TX – Revision 1 by PSM Consulting LLC September 7, 2024 PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………..……………………………….…….……….…page 3 Introduction……………….……………..…………………………………………………………………………….…….….………..…page 4 The Sounds of Pickleball………..…………………………………………………………………………….……….……………..…page 4 Measurement of Pickleball Sound….…………………………………….…...…………………...……….………………..…..page 5 Noise Maps…………….…………………………………………………………..…………………...………..…..………………..….…page 7 Sound Propagation……………………………………………………………………….……….………………………….…….…..…page 8 Human Hearing and Annoyance….………..………………………………..…………………...………….………..…….……page 10 Noise Ordinances………….…….…………...…………………………………………………………...…………………..…………page 11 Austin, TX Noise Ordinance……………………………..……….…….………………………...………………………..…………page 11 Recommended PSMC Standard for Pickleball Sound ………….…….……………….…...…………………..…………page 11 The Pickle Ranch, Austin, TX…………………………….………………………………….............…………………..…………page 12 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….……………..page 27 Recommendations ……………….…………..……………..……………………………….….…………………….………………..page 27 Reference Sources……..………...………………..………………….……………………………………………….………………..page 29 PSMC LLC Information ………………………………………………….………………………..…………………….………….…..page 30 Appendix A – Sound Barriers…………………….………….……….………………………..…………………….………….…..page 31 (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 3 Executive Summary PSM Consulting LLC (PSMC) used noise modeling software to create sound maps for pickleball noise from the rooftop pickleball courts at Pickle Ranch, West 6th Street, Austin, Texas. Noise levels were estimated at multiple locations in the nearby Old West Austin Neighborhood (OWAN) with particular attention to homes on Francis Avenue and Patterson Avenue. These homes are on a hill at an elevation near the elevation of the rooftop courts. Next, sound barriers of several heights were positioned around the pickleball courts and noise levels were estimated until acceptable sound levels were achieved in the OWAN. The noise code of the City of Austin has a limit of 75 dBA at a residential property line. This limit has no penalty for impulsive noise and allows impulsive pickleball noise at 75 dBA. This level would be considered very annoying. The city noise code does not properly address noise from pickleball. A noise limit of 50 dB LAFmax that has been successfully used by PSMC to address pickleball noise at pickleball sites was therefore used for this site. The noise levels from pickleball were 59 dB LAFmax at the property line at 1705 Francis Avenue, which is the closest property line to the Pickle Ranch courts. This noise level would be considered bothersome to residents of this home. Multiple locations were identified with noise levels of 56 dB to 59 dB LAFmax, which are also bothersome. The height and the close spacing of homes on West 6th Street and the close spacing of the homes throughout the neighborhood prevent these sounds from being even louder. When a 10 foot sound barrier was added on the northeast and northwest sides of the courts, the noise levels were reduced to acceptable levels of 50 dB LAFmax or below. Noise levels at homes farther from the courts are even lower since the homes and the roof lines within the neighborhood function as barriers to block sound. The two-sided barrier blocks sound to the homes in OWAN that are north of the pickleball courts. The barrier redirects sound to the south where there are no homes. Suppliers of sound barriers are provided with barriers available in color or with printed surfaces to match the architectural requirements of the neighborhood. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 4 Introduction Pickleball is a game played with two to four players using paddles, a ball, and a net on a court that is approximately one half the length and one half the width of a tennis court. The paddles are made of wood, plastic, or composite materials, and the ball is made of plastic. Each paddle and ball impact during a game creates a short pulse of sound that varies in intensity, duration, and frequency content. For homeowners near pickleball courts, pickleball sounds can become bothersome and intrusive, depending on the distance from the courts and the sound mitigation in place. This annoyance is also because the frequency of a paddle and ball impact is near 1000 Hz, which aligns with the maximum sensitivity of human hearing. To help explain the details in this sound study, background information is provided on pickleball sound impulses, sound measurements, human hearing, noise ordinances, noise limits, and sound mitigation options. Pickleball sound levels are presented at several locations in the nearby Old West Austin Neighborhood on a hill that is north of the Pickle Ranch courts. These Pickle Ranch courts are on the fourth floor of the parking garage on West 6th Street and at the same elevation as some of the homes on the hill. The Sounds of Pickleball A typical pickleball game will produce a series of random paddle and ball impacts each time the ball is struck. These impacts are described as “popping sounds of varying loudness.” The loudness of each impact varies based on a player’s position on a court, the paddles and balls being used, the skill level of each player, and the force of each impact. Higher skill players will generate louder noise from pickleball via their forceful paddle strikes than lower skill players. A paddle/ball impact is an impulsive sound with a duration of 10 to 20 milliseconds. The maximum loudness occurs in the first 5 milliseconds. Impulsive sounds are defined as sounds lasting less than one second with an abrupt onset and abrupt decay (1). The highest sound energy occurs in the first 5 milliseconds and then decays to a lower level. The peak acoustical energy is near 1000 Hz, which corresponds with the most sensitive region of human hearing. In a game of pickleball, a rally will generate several random impacts until the rally is over. A game involves several rallies (and impacts) until a team wins. A typical pickleball game will generate 12 to 15 impacts per minute or 720 to 900 impacts per hour. If multiple courts are in use at the same time, then the number of impacts per hour will be increased by the number of courts. However, not all impacts are of the same loudness. Soft paddle strikes will be barely audible and forceful paddle strikes will be much louder. In addition, the probability of any two paddle strikes occurring at the same time is extremely low. This is because the loudest sound of any one impact lasts only 5 milliseconds or 1/200th of a second. More than 200 courts would have to be in use for two impacts to overlap and increase the loudness of a single impact. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 5 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 The resulting noise with more courts in use is therefore more pickleball impacts in any period of play and potentially greater annoyance, but not greater loudness. The goal in noise mitigation is to reduce the loudest impacts to a low enough level so that the loudest impact will not be bothersome. If the loudest impacts are not bothersome, then lower loudness impacts will not be a problem. To be effective, a noise study must consider the highest noise levels rather than an average noise level. This has been taken into consideration for this noise analysis by considering the loudest noise levels during play. Measurement of Pickleball Sound Sound is measured with a sound level meter as shown in Figure 1. The units of sound measurement are decibels, abbreviated as dB. Higher dB levels represent louder sounds. Figure 1 - Sound Level Meter (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 6 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 Reference dB levels for common sounds follow. • 120 dB – ambulance sirens, jet planes at takeoff • 110 dB - car horns • 100 dB – factory machinery • • • • • • • 90 dB – lawnmowers, blenders, power tools 80 dB – truck traffic, alarm clocks, garbage disposals 70 dB – washing machines, hairdryers, highway noise, city streets 60 dB – dishwashing machines, electric toothbrushes 50 dB – moderate rainfall, large offices 40 dB – refrigerators, quiet offices, quiet residential area 30 dB – library, a whisper These sound levels are what would be heard at approximately 3 feet distance between the source and the listener. The human ear does not hear all sounds equally. It has more sensitivity in a mid-frequency range of 1000 to 4000 Hz and has diminished sensitivity at frequencies above and below this range. A frequency weighting can be applied to any sound measurement to match the hearing sensitivity of the human ear. This is called the A-weighting. Decibel measurements with the A-weighting are listed as dBA. Because sound is not constant and varies with time, the sound level meter has several measurement settings to average these sound fluctuations over the measurement period (1). These settings report the sound level for the measurement period selected. The meter setting must be properly selected to capture the sound level based on the duration of the sound and the response time of the human ear. What meter setting is best for pickleball play? For short duration sounds like pickleball impacts, the fast meter response with an A weighting best corresponds to the averaging time and sensitivity of the human ear (2). A maximum hold setting can also be used. The maximum hold setting “listens” for the maximum sound level within the measurement time interval and continues to update the maximum level. In this manner, the maximum level of these rapid fluctuations can be captured over the measurement period. The fast meter setting will always measure a higher sound level for a pickleball impact than a slow setting. The slow meter setting averages sound over a longer averaging period that includes intervals with no pickleball impacts. The slow setting is appropriate for continuous noise and for background noise but is not appropriate for pickleball impacts. The slow setting understates the loudness of the short duration pickleball impact heard by the human ear. Different time averaging intervals will therefore report different dB levels for the same sound event. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 7 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 When the A-weighting setting on a sound level meter is selected, dB measurements are described as dBA. If the sound level (L) is measured with an A-weighting (A) and a fast (F) setting, it is described as LAF. When the maximum level is captured in the measurement interval, this is called LAFmax. Unless otherwise noted, pickleball sounds in this report will be described in units of LAFmax. LAFmax measures the maximum sound, regardless of the number of impacts. If the LAFmax sound level can be reduced through sound mitigation to a low enough level to not be bothersome or not be heard, then the number of impacts (or the number of courts in use) will not be important. The LAFmax is the preferred metric over LAeq, which is the continuous equivalent-energy level (3). The LAeq is the level of a continuous noise having the same sound energy as a given time-varying noise. For an impulsive noise that is only present for a short period of time, the time averaged LAeq dB level will understate annoyance. For pickleball, the LAeq will be lower than the LAFmax level for the short duration pickleball noise impulse. LAFmax addresses the maximum sound, regardless of the duration. If the LAFmax is reduced to a low enough level to not be bothersome, then the number of non-bothersome pickleball impacts will not be an issue. The maximum value of the LAFmax noise level to avoid annoyance from pickleball has been determined by PSMC from site evaluations and from human response and is described in a later section. Noise Maps Noise maps were created using the dBmap.net Noise Mapping Tool, which is a commercial software (4). The topography of the surrounding area was applied to the noise map before the positions for a noise source and for receivers were selected. Ground elevations were selected from Google Earth. In addition, buildings and homes were added in the vicinity of the pickleball courts. The size of each building together with the roof height were selected from Google Earth and applied to the model for the site. The pickleball noise source was then placed on the court, and the receiver locations were selected. Because this is a European software, all distances, site elevations, building sizes, and barrier heights must be added to the model in meters. The resulting noise maps with distance scales can only be shown in meters. (One meter = 3.3 feet) All colored noise maps have the legend shown in Figure 2. Each colored band represents a 5 dB change in sound level. The number beside each band indicates the lowest sound level within the band. In addition, sound maps shown in color have white lines within each band of colors to show the 1 dB changes within this 5 dB interval. For example, the yellow band indicates noise levels from 50 dBA to 54.9 dBA; the orange band indicates noise levels from 55 dBA to 59.9 dBA; and the pink band indicates noise levels from 60 dBA to 64.9 dBA The colors represent increasing sound levels from 30 dBA in dark green to over 80 dBA in dark grey. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 8 All noise maps are shown with north oriented to the top of each map. This provides a link to any local maps which also have north oriented to the top of the map. Figure 2 – Color legend for noise maps Sound Propagation Sound travels away from its source with a reduction of 6 dB for each doubling of distance from the source. This means that sound decreases in loudness as the distance from the sound source increases. Figure 3 shows sound propagating away from a point source over level ground using the noise modeling software (4). This figure shows the horizontal plane of sound propagation. Each colored ring represents a 5 dB decrease of sound as indicated by the legend. Sound decreases in level as either a listener moves away from a sound source or as the sound source is moved farther away from a stationary listener. (Distances in noise plots can only be shown in meters because the software used is a European software which only displays meters. One meter = 3.3 feet) The 6 dB reduction for every doubling of distance is evident with the increasing diameter of each ring outward from the center. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 9 Figure 3 – Sound propagating away from a point source in a horizontal plane (1 meter= 3.3 feet) Sound also propagates away from a source in the vertical direction. Figure 4 shows a three dimensional view of the vertical plane of sound propagation together with the horizontal plane. (The noise mapping software does not display distances in three dimensional plots.) The three dimensional behavior of sound becomes important to estimate the sound traveling up a hill, to a second story window, over a building, or to an apartment/condominium balcony. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 10 Figure 4 – Sound propagating away from a point source in a horizontal and vertical plane Human Hearing and Annoyance The human ear is sensitive to a sound’s level, its frequency content, its duration, and its frequency of occurrence (2). All of these contribute to annoyance. The higher the sound level, the greater the annoyance becomes. The human ear is only sensitive enough to detect a change in sound level of 3 dB. Each 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived as a doubling in the sound level. In the same manner, each decrease of 10 dB is perceived as one half the loudness. A 20 dB increase is perceived as 4 times as loud. Similarly, a 20 dB decrease is perceived as 1/4 as loud. Hearing is more sensitive to high frequency sounds than to low frequency sounds. Sound measurements made with an A weighting scale match the frequency sensitivity of the human ear. These are described as dBA levels. Another factor in annoyance is the interval or space between sounds. Intermittent sounds or impulsive sounds are considered more annoying than a steady state sound of the same dB level. All these elements contribute to annoyance and are critical to the noise measurements in noise ordinances. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 While response to noise is subjective and varies among individuals, the following guideline can be used to rate annoyance to LAFmax levels from pickleball for a person of normal hearing sensitivity, regardless of distance from the noise. P a g e 11 less than 50 dB LAFmax (green zones) – perceptible and acceptable • • 50 to 54.9 dB LAFmax (yellow zones) - marginally bothersome • 55 to 59.9 dB LAFmax (orange zones) - bothersome • 60 to 64.9 dB LAFmax (pink zones) – bothersome to annoying • 65 to 69.9 dB LAFmax (red zones) - annoying • greater than 70 dB LAFmax (dark red zones) – very annoying To reduce the annoyance of any noise level, the distance between the source and receiver must be increased or noise control measures must be implemented. Noise Ordinances In simple terms, noise is sound that annoys. Community noise ordinances establish noise limits so that noise is neither annoying nor bothersome, even though it may be audible. These ordinances are not intended to establish a limit where sound is inaudible. They are intended to establish a limit where the presence of noise above a background noise level will not be objectionable. The background noise level is the result of wind, trees, birds, normal ambient sounds, and sometimes traffic. Noise ordinances use different noise metrics to quantify the time varying loudness of different types of noise. Because continuous sounds and impulsive sounds have distinct characteristics that cause them to be perceived differently by human hearing, the noise limits for both types of sounds must be separately stated. This is because the ear responds differently to continuous and impulsive noises. Austin, TX Noise Ordinance Chapter 9-2 of the Code of the City of Austin, Texas has a limit of 75 dBA at a residential property line (5). Per item 9-2-1-3, a fast meter response is used for measurement and analysis as this is more applicable to measurement of pickleball impacts than a slow meter response. The ordinance has no added penalty for impulsive noise. A noise level of 75 dBA LAFmax would meet the noise code but would still be annoying to a homeowner. This ordinance does not have sufficient detail to quantify annoyance from pickleball noise. Recommended PSM Consulting Standard for Pickleball Sound PSM Consulting (PSMC) has used its experience with pickleball sound measurements to develop an improved standard for pickleball noise. The PSMC noise limit for pickleball noise is based on the background sound. Background sound should be measured using A-weighted equivalent sound level PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 12 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 (LAeq) or A-weighted slow response (LAS). These are both long term averages of sound fluctuations with an A-weighting. These measurements are commonly used for environmental studies of background sound. This PSMC standard sets an LAFmax level as a limit where pickleball sound would not be annoying. The recommended noise limit at a property line for pickleball play to avoid annoyance follows. • When the background sound level is at or below 47 dB LAeq, the limit for pickleball noise should • When the background sound level is above 47 dB LAeq, the limit for pickleball noise should be 3 be 50 dB LAFmax. dB LAFmax above the background level. These limits refer to noise levels at a property line. This location follows the standard practice for most community noise ordinances of setting limits at a property line. The noise levels at a pool, at a backyard patio, or at the house will be even lower due to the added distance from the property line. If pickleball courts are in a quiet residential neighborhood with background sound at 47 LAeq, then a limit for pickleball noise at 50 dB LAFmax should be set. With the background sound level at 47 dB LAeq, pickleball impacts at 50 dB LAFmax will be faintly audible. For any lower levels of background sound, pickleball impacts may be perceptible but not bothersome due to the 50 dB LAFmax limit. Pickleball sound at 50 dB LAFmax should not be bothersome to a person with normal hearing sensitivity for these reasons. • 50 dB LAFmax is the noise level of a large, busy office. • 50 dB LAFmax is not loud enough to be objectionable even due to its intermittent nature. If pickleball courts are near a location with high background noise at 55 LAeq, then a limit for pickleball noise at 58 dB LAFmax (55+3) should be set. This guideline provides a variable limit for pickleball noise at a property line depending on the background sound levels. Its use has been supported by successful applications at multiple pickleball sites. This standard for pickleball noise is recommended to avoid community or homeowner annoyance from pickleball play. PSM has successfully applied these limits to several pickleball facilities and to homeowner associations concerned with pickleball noise. They have been used to judge annoyance at specific home locations with no mitigation in place and to confirm the performance of noise mitigation strategies. The Pickle Ranch, Austin , TX Figure 5a shows an aerial view from Google Earth of the pickleball courts at the Pickle Ranch (6) together with the nearest homes to the courts in the Old West Austin Neighborhood (OWAN). The topography for the area was taken from Google Earth and was included on the sound map. The area has a hilly terrain with the elevation rising to the north and to the northwest of the courts. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 13 230 ft Figure 5a – Pickleball courts at Pickle Ranch and nearby homes in OWAN Property lines for homes in OWAN were taken from real estate maps on Zillow.com. The closest property line to the pickleball courts is 1709 Francis Avenue, which is approximately 230 feet from the northeast pickleball fence. The dimensions of the homes and the roof heights for nearby homes were taken from Google Earth for inclusion in the noise map. Figure 5b shows a three dimensional view of the homes and the pickleball courts that were included in the model. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 14 Figure 5b – Pickleball courts at Pickle Ranch and nearby homes in OWAN – three dimensional model Figure 6 shows a cross section, a land contour, from the courts on West 6th Street to the homes on Francis Street. The courts on the fourth floor of the parking garage are at the level of the roof lines of the 1 and 2 story homes on Francis Avenue. Figure 6 – Cross section of contour from West 6th Street to Francis Avenue Per Figures 3 and 4, pickleball noise can come from any location on a pickleball court when a player strikes a ball. Pickleball noise travels away from the source in all directions. The loudest pickleball noises will occur in the primary direction of ball travel across the net. In addition, the positions of players change frequently during a game so that some shots (and the direction of sound) will continually change. The noise map will display noise levels in all directions away from the courts. Four court positions were selected on the rooftop to show the influence of line of sight noise propagation from these source positions into the neighborhood. These courts are numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Figure 7. The noise analysis will show the relationship between the source location (the court) and distance to a receiver (a home) and the effect of homes that block sound traveling along a direct line of sight or a reflected path between a source and receiver. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 15 2 1 3 4 Figure 7 – Pickleball court numbers The background noise level was assumed to be 47 dB LAeq which is typical of a residential neighborhood. The PSMC noise limit of 50 dB LAFmax was therefore used. Figures 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d show the noise levels at multiple locations in OWAN with pickleball play on courts 1, 2 3, and 4, respectively. The white circles indicate LAFmax levels in dB at each location at a height of 1.5 meters or 5 feet. This height is ear level for most people. Noise levels above 50 dB LAFmax occur at multiple locations and would be bothersome. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 16 Figure 8a – Noise levels in OWAN from court 1 (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 17 Figure 8b – Noise levels in OWAN from court 2 (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 18 Figure 8c – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 19 Figure 8d – Noise levels in OWAN from court 4 Table 1 shows the noise levels at 6 property locations based on pickleball play from these four courts. The highest noise level at each property is indicated and the court that creates this highest noise level is listed. The highest noise level was 59 dB LAFmax at 1705 Francis Avenue. This was with pickleball play on court 3. This noise level is considered bothersome and borders on being annoying. Court 3 and then court 2 were selected as worst case scenarios for noise propagation to OWAN to evaluate noise mitigation strategies. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 20 Table 1 – Noise level summary Highest Noise court 1 court 2 court 3 court 4 LAFmax Source LAFmax Receiver 606 Patterson Avenue - front yard 607 Patterson Avenue - side yard 1709 Francis Avenue - back yard 1705 Francis Avenue - back yard 1704 Francis Avenue - front yard 1702 Francis Avenue - front yard 56 55 42 54 38 41 58 58 47 56 38 41 57 57 58 59 56 56 55 42 50 46 44 45 58 58 58 59 56 56 Ct 2 Ct 2 Ct 3 Ct 3 Ct 3 Ct 3 Figures 9a and 9b show color noise maps for noise from court 3 and court 2, respectively, for the surrounding areas of OWAN. Any areas not in a green zone are above the target of 50 dB LAFmax. A dark green zone is better than a light green zone as dark green indicates an even lower noise level. This figure highlights several points about noise propagation to each home in OWAN. • With no homes to block a direct line of sight to the courts, noise levels decrease with distance from the courts. • Homes along West 6th Steet and throughout the neighborhood block sound traveling away from the courts. • It is quieter on the side of the house away from the courts than on the side facing the courts. • A shadow zone exists on the side of the house away from the courts – the house and the roof line function as sound blockers or barriers. • Through this blocking effect, it is possible to have lower sound levels near the courts than farther from the courts that are in a direct line of sight. • The space between houses “channels” sound deep into the neighborhood until it is blocked by another house. This is evident with yellow/orange bands of sound propagation between houses. • Through this channeling effect, it is possible to have higher sound levels farther from the courts than near the courts - depending on the line of sight. Figure 10 shows a cross section of noise levels through the noise source on court 3 and up the hill to Francis Avenue. The shadow zone effect of the roof lines is more clearly seen here. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 21 Figure 9a – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 22 Figure 9b – Noise levels in OWAN from court 2 Figure 10 – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 – cross section through noise source to northeast PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 23 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 Noise mitigation strategies were next evaluated to create green noise zones for homes in OWAN. The most effective noise mitigation option is a noise barrier to block sound. A noise barrier was placed on the northeast and northwest perimeter of the rooftop pickleball courts. (A description of sound barriers and suppliers is presented in Appendix A.) The height of the barrier was evaluated at 6, 7, 8, and 10 feet. Only the 10 foot barrier was able to reduce the noise level to 50 dB LAFmax. This is because a 6 foot tall pickleball player with a 2 foot arm extension is striking an overhead smash at 8 feet above the court surface. This 10 foot barrier is more effective than a shorter barrier and is required for the greatest noise reduction. Figures 11a and 11b show that the 10 foot sound barrier reduced noise at the critical homes to 50 dBA LAFmax or below for play on courts 3 and 3, respectively. Figure 11a – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 with 10 foot sound barrier on northeast and northwest perimeter PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 24 Figure 11b – Noise levels in OWAN from court 2 with 10 foot sound barrier on northeast and northwest perimeter A color comparison between Figures 9a and 11a and between Figures 9b and 11 b shows the change in noise level (loudness) with the 10 foot barrier. Figures 11a and 11 b show more green zones. An expanded view of the noise maps showed that the yellow zones in both figures are 51 dB LAFmax and would not be different audibly to 50 dB LAFmax. Table 2 shows the before and after noise levels at the 6 homes with the noise reduction provided by the 10 foot barrier for the 2 different courts. The noise reduction at these homes changes due to differences in the line of sight, the distances to homes, and the presence of homes that help to block sound. The noise reduction via the barriers was 6 to 13 dB LAFmax from court 3 and 2 to 12 dB LAFmax from court 2. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 25 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 Table 2 – Noise level reduction with 10 foot sound barriers LAFmax from court 3 Before After Reduction LAFmax from court 2 Before After Reduction Receiver 606 Patterson Avenue - front yard 607 Patterson Avenue - side yard 1709 Francis Avenue - back yard 1705 Francis Avenue - back yard 1704 Francis Avenue - front yard 1702 Francis Avenue - front yard 57 57 58 59 56 56 50 44 47 50 50 50 7 13 11 9 6 6 58 58 47 56 38 41 50 46 39 46 36 39 8 12 8 10 2 2 Compared to Figure 10, Figure 12 shows the cross section of sound propagation with the 10 foot barrier at the edge of the rooftop courts. This barrier blocks noise that previously would be at the rooftop level at Francis Avenue. Figure 12 – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 with 10 foot sound barrier – cross section to northeast Figure 13 shows a three dimensional view of the courts and the homes in OWAN that were included in the sound map together with the noise levels from the sound map. The 10 foot barrier height on the northeast and northwest boundaries of the roof top courts is evident when compared to the roof line in Figure 5 b. The noise levels in the yellow zones are 51 dB LAFmax and would not be perceived differently than 50 dB LAFmax. The sound level on the south side of the courts at ground level increased from 42 dB LAFmax to 46 dB LAFmax for play on courts 2 and 3. This shows that the barrier is redirecting noise away from the OWAN homes and to the south. With no homes to the south, this is a reasonable approach to noise mitigation. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 26 Figure 13 – Noise levels in OWAN from court 3 with 10 foot sound barrier – 3D view This two-sided barrier design for pickleball noise mitigation offers several benefits to the residents of OWAN. • The barrier is high enough to block sound at the rooftop level for the ground level of homes in OWAN that are at an elevation near the fourth story courts on West 6th Street. • The barrier reduces noise to a level where it will not be bothersome to a person with normal • The barrier redirects sound to the south where there are no residential properties. • Higher background sound than 47 dB LAeq from traffic to the west will further help mask the hearing sensitivity. pickleball impacts. This two-sided barrier design for pickleball noise mitigation offers several benefits to the pickleball courts at Pickle Ranch. • The barrier provides a successful sound mitigation strategy that allows the courts to operate in a commercial area near a residential zone. • The 2-sided barrier eliminates the higher cost of a 4-sided barrier enclosure. • The 2-sided barrier avoids sound reflections from opposite barrier walls that can often be redirected back to the nearby homes. This can lead to more expensive options such as higher barrier walls or barriers with sound absorbing liners. • The barrier design does not require higher priced sound barriers with sound absorbing liners on • The 2-sided barrier allows an open court design for air circulation and for minimizing heat build- the court side. up on the courts. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 27 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 The following conclusions are made from the results in this study. Conclusions 1. The noise code of the City of Austin does not have sufficient detail to quantify the annoyance from pickleball. PSMC used a target of 50 dB LAFmax as a recommended noise limit. 2. Noise levels from rooftop pickleball from the Pickle Ranch are 59 dB to 56 dB LAFmax at property lines on Francis Avenue and Patterson Avenue. These levels would be considered bothersome and annoying. 3. These noise levels will be present with play on any of the 8 courts in use at the Pickle Ranch. 4. A 10 foot sound barrier on the northeast and northwest sides of the rooftop pickleball courts reduced noise to acceptable levels for homes in OWAN. 5. The noise reduction with this barrier ranged from 2 dB to 13 dB LAFmax depending on the court in use and on the distance and direction of the home from the courts. Recommendations The following recommendations are made for the noise reduction from pickleball play at Pickle Ranch. 1. For the noise from pickleball play to be acceptable to the residents of OWAN, a 10 foot sound barrier is needed on the northeast and northwest perimeter of the rooftop courts. 2. The barrier should be 1 pound per square foot or greater to reduce pickleball noise. It does not need a more expensive sound absorbing liner on the court side. 3. The color and design of the barrier should be compatible with the architectural requirements of the surrounding area. PSM LLC has provided these recommendations on reductions of pickleball noise at Pickle Ranch to balance the growth and popularity of pickleball with required noise level reduction for nearby residents of OWAN. The goal is to address quality of life for the residents living near the pickleball courts. PSMC LLC is available to answer any questions related to this work. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 28 Disclaimer The results, conclusions, and recommendations presented here are based on information provided to PSMC LLC by the client and on measurements made using calibrated equipment and standard acoustical practices. These results are intended to address maximum noise levels from play. Pickleball sound assessment is a random process where the noise from each impact and from each game can vary based on player skill, force of impact, and equipment in use. Sound levels from pickleball are random impulsive events, meaning that it is predictable over a range and has averages and other statistical characteristics, but it has no exact single level. Actual sound levels will vary over time. In addition, it is not possible to determine what any particular person believes is an acceptable sound level. Because additional variables may be associated with the site, the players, or the equipment in use, PSMC LLC assumes no liability for work undertaken by the client based on these recommendations, or for results that do not conform to the client’s expectations. Barry R Wyerman, PhD, PE Principal Acoustical Consultant PSM Consulting LLC Rev 1 – September 7, 2024 Recommendation number 3 - Removed PSM Consulting’s mention of specific colors for a sound barrier to allow the barrier to be of any color or design compatible with the architectural requirements of the surrounding area. PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 29 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 Reference Sources 1. ANSI S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters 2. Handbook of Acoustics, Everest, F, Alton and Pohlmann, Ken C., fifth edition, 1979. 3. ANSI S12.9 Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound 4. https://noisetools.net/dbmap/ - Noise Mapping Tool 5. Noise code of the City of Austin, Texas https://library.municode.com/tx/austin/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT9PRAC_CH9- 2NOAMSO 6. Austin, Texas, West 6th Street - Google Earth https://earth.google.com/web/@30.27633413,- 97.76498553,150.16854646a,634.9930276d,35y,0.00019926h,0t,0r/data=OgMKATA (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 30 PSMC LLC Information PSM Consulting LLC PSMC LLC was created in 2022 after 8 years of pickleball noise studies and advice on pickleball noise mitigation. This work included field measurements of pickleball play at multiple sites, analysis of the noise from different pickleball paddles and balls, consultation with USA Pickleball on equipment standards, and evaluation of suppliers of noise barrier systems. PSMC has designed successful noise reduction systems for pickleball courts and has evaluated multiple paddles and balls to create lists of “quieter” paddles and balls. It has also completed field studies of pickleball noise to provide guidance to homeowners regarding local noise ordinances. In total, PSMC has completed or has been involved in noise surveys and recommended noise mitigations measures for 100 pickleball sites. PSMC is at the forefront of pickleball technology and is working directly with USA Pickleball to develop acoustical test methods for paddles, to identify quieter gear, and to create improved community standards for pickleball noise. It is also working with paddle manufacturers to help bring improved, quieter paddles to the market. PSMC LLC has developed the industry’s first anechoic chamber for testing both pickleball paddles and balls under controlled speed conditions. This provides baseline data on paddles without the variables of background noise and player skill in hitting the ball. The mission of PSMC is to support pickleball clubs, pickleball players, communities, parks and recreation departments, country clubs, and homeowner associations with an understanding of pickleball noise and of strategies and measures to control pickleball noise. Barry Wyerman, PhD, PE Barry Wyerman, PhD, is the Principal Acoustical Consultant for PSMC LLC. He is a pickleball player and a USA Pickleball Level 2 Referee. His professional background includes over 45 years of acoustical experience in creating innovative acoustical products, solving industrial noise control and vibration problems, and designing solutions for automotive noise and vibration control. He is the owner of Acoustical Design and Consulting, LLC, which provides engineering and consulting support in all areas of acoustics and noise control. He has a BS degree in physics from Ohio University and MS and PhD degrees in engineering acoustics from Penn State University. He became involved in pickleball noise mitigation when he provided initial recommendations on pickleball noise control from his work experience and acoustical training. His professional associations include: • The Acoustical Society of America • Society of Automotive Engineers, Noise and Vibration Committee • Society of Automotive Engineers, Acoustical Materials Committee • Professional Engineer, registered in Ohio PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 P a g e 31 Appendix A - Sound Barriers Sound barriers block the direct path of sound as it travels from a source to a receiver. A barrier must be massive enough to block sound that could pass through it. The recommended weight for a barrier is one pound per square foot. A small amount of sound still passes over the top or around the edges of a barrier. This is called diffracted sound. With this weight barrier, the sound reduction is limited only by the height and width of the barrier. The barrier must be solid with no holes, no gaps at the bottom, and no gaps between adjoining panels. Any holes or openings will allow sound to leak to the other side. Earth mounds and buildings can function as barriers if they are high enough and wide enough to disrupt a direct path of sound. Shrubs, bushes, and trees are NOT barriers even though they block a line of sight. They are not massive enough and not solid enough to block sound. A small amount of sound attenuation may be achieved with a dense planting of hedges, but this would not provide more than 1 dB sound reduction even if the hedges were 3 or 4 feet in depth and 12 feet high. These are primarily a visual barrier. The effectiveness of a high mass barrier is controlled primarily by its height and then by its width. The barrier must be tall enough and wide enough so that it minimizes the sound that is diffracted or bent over the top and around the edge. The amount of sound diffracted over the top and around the edge can be minimized as the barrier becomes higher and longer. As the height of a sound barrier increases, a point of diminishing returns is reached. This means that a percentage increase in height (and cost) will result in a lower percentage improvement (or return on benefits) in noise reduction. In some cases, it may be best to enclose all four sides of a pickleball court with the highest barrier possible. If there are no homes exposed to pickleball sound from a side of the court, then a barrier can be eliminated on that side. Common vendors for sound barriers are: • Acoustiblok, Tampa, FL, 813-980-1400, https://acoustiblok.com/acoustiblok-soundproofing- product-lines/acoustifence-noise-reducing-fences/ (printed barriers) Insul-Quilts USA, South El Monte, CA, 833-853-6444, https://www.insulquilt.com/ • • eNoise Control, Noblesville, IN, 866-481-2024, https://www.enoisecontrol.com/ • DDS Acoustical Specialties, Westfield, MA 413-248-8118, https://ddsacoustical.com/ • Hushtec USA, Connecticut, 860-289-8033, https://hushtecusa.com/ (clear barriers) • Putterman Athletics LLC, DeLand, FL, 800-621-0146, https://www.puttermanathletics.com/ • FenceScreen, Grand Prairie, TX, 888-313-6613, https://www.fencescreen.com/ All barriers of the same weight would perform the same. None of these products are noticeably different other than by the color or by printing. Any differences in product sheets can be due to lab differences in testing. Noise barriers should weigh one pound per square foot to block any sound that could pass through the barrier. The effectiveness of this high weight barrier can still be compromised by the sound that is PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867  P a g e 32 Report: 20240907 Date: September 7, 2024 diffracted over the top or around an edge. A contractor must be consulted to assure that an existing fence or a new fence can support the added weight of a barrier. Wind loads on the barrier are also to be considered. Some barriers are available with a sound absorbing lining material on the side facing the noise source – if this is needed. This sound absorbing lining can reduce the noise level on the court by reducing the reflected sound as it bounces between the side walls. It can also be effective in reducing reflected sound in the opposite direction away from a barrier if only one side of a court has a barrier. However, the sound absorbing lining has no impact on the sound passing over the top of the barrier. This direct path of sound is not influenced by anything on the side walls. The sound absorbing liner is more for noise reduction for the players than for any nearby residents exposed to sound. (This space is intentionally left blank) PSM Consulting LLC Bonita Springs, Florida wyerbr@sbcglobal.net, 248 563 0867 Email from Donna Osborn To: Jonathan Tomko 9/10/24 12:05pm      MEMORANDUM To: Conor Byrne, APR BAi Project No: 7129 Date: 5/29/2024 EQUIPMENT Project Name: Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring From: Andy Miller E-mail: amiller@baiaustin.com An EN/IEC class 1 and ANSI S1.4 type 1 precision sound analyzer – Norsonic Nor145 with type 1209 microphone and type 1209A preamplifier – was calibrated using an IEC class 1 sound calibrator – Norsonic model nor1256. The sound analyzer was calibrated prior to initiating the sound monitoring and checked at the conclusion of the monitoring period, per measurement standard requirements. SETUP TIME AND LOCATION The measurement equipment was located on the roof of a business directly across the street from and at approximately the same elevation as the Austin Pickle Ranch pickleball courts. This is referred to as “Measurement Location 1” or “Roof Location” (Refer to Figure 1 below showing the equipment in its final recording state.) Figure 1. Microphone mounting location on the ridge of the roof of a neighboring property across the street, to evaluate sound transmission level to other properties.  Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring May 29, 2024 Page 2 The equipment was put into service recording measurements and audio at this location at 2:14 p.m. on Thursday, April 18 and recording was stopped at 1:52 p.m. on Monday, April 22. A second measurement location on the edge of the parking garage parapet (the wall of Austin Pickle Ranch) was also selected, directly behind a pickle ball court. The equipment was put into service at 2:38 p.m. on Monday, April 22, and recording was stopped at 9:10 p.m. the same day. This measurement location is referred to in this report as “Measurement Location 2” or “APR Location.” These measurements and recordings were used to evaluate the influence of sound from pickle ball play on site noise levels at various locations, as discussed below, especially relative to the City of Austin code on noise restrictions. The figure below illustrates the relationships among the properties and measurement locations with a satellite image. Figure 2. Measurement locations relative to the pickleball venue, pickleball business property line, and residential property line are shown in this satellite image from Google Earth. Note the distances of 164 feet from the venue to the first measurement location and about 300 feet from the venue to the residential property line.  Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring May 29, 2024 Page 3 THE CODE OF THE CITY OF AUSTIN, TEXAS The part of the code that is used to outline the information presented below is: The Code of the City of Austin, Title 9 – Prohibited Activities, Chapter 9-2 – Noise and Amplified Sound, Article 1. – General Provisions. With reference to the city code, the items and activity that produces the noise in question associated with pickle ball are a person holding a paddle and striking a ball. The collective equipment and activity would be considered “Sound Equipment” as defined by the code, since the paddle and ball produce a sound. Pertinent “Noise and Amplified Sound” restrictions are reproduced below, for easy reference, but these may be referenced in their original location on the Municode Library at https://library.municode.com/tx/austin/codes/code_of_ordinances. In Title 9. – Prohibited Activities, 9-2-3 – General Restrictions: “(A) A person may not: (1) use or permit the use of sound equipment at a business in excess of the decibel limits prescribed by this chapter; (2) make noise or play a musical instrument audible to an adjacent business or residence between 10:30 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.; ….” In Title 9. – Prohibited Activities, 9-2-4 – Restriction on Decibel Level.: “A person may not operate sound equipment at a business that produces sound: (1) in excess of 85 decibels between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 a.m., as measured at the property line of the business; or (2) is audible at the property line of the business between 2:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m.” In Title 9. – Prohibited Activities, 9-2-5 – Restriction on Use of Sound Equipment in a Residential Area.: “ (A) This section applies to property zoned as residential under Section 25-2-32(B) (Zoning Districts and Map Codes). (B) A person may not use sound equipment that produces sound audible beyond the property line of a residence in a residential area between 10:00 p.m. and 10:00 a.m. (C) A person may not use sound equipment audible beyond the property line of a residence in a residential area that produces sound in excess of 75 decibels.” These are summarized in the table below.  Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring May 29, 2024 Page 4 Figure 3. This table summarizes the City of Austin code related to noise at business and residential property lines. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION RESULTS Measurement Location 1, Roof Location: The sound analyzer was set to automatically flag any instance of measured sound that exceeded 75 dBA. Overall, there were 466 instances from Thursday 4/18 at 2:14 p.m. (the start of measurements) through Monday 4/22 at 1:14 p.m. All 466 75-dBA-exceedances recorded were confirmed by listening to the audio recording as being produced by events that were not pickle ball strikes (for example, motorcycle, loud automobile, train, etc.). The most severe noise events were vehicular, especially the train. When the train passed by, the wheels squealed against the track and generated sound pressure levels well above 75 dBA [at the measurement location] in addition to generating feelable vibration. Refer to Graph #1 and Graph #2, appended to this narrative (PDF pages 7 and 8). Pickleball strikes that were audible during the four-day monitoring period all registered below the residential property line limit of 75 dBA. Two graphs of selected 350-sample periods (one sample was recorded every second, so each period is 350 seconds) are included in the appendix to show examples of the typical pickleball sound levels as compared to all other sounds on site. Birds, the train, sirens, and traffic represent the other noise sources that are typically as high or higher than the sound from pickleball play. The graphs show representative measurement periods, to detail noise sources and the typical pickleball strike sound pressure levels. On each graph, the residential property line noise limit of 75 dBA is plotted as a bold, dashed line. The sound pressure level considering all frequencies for all site noise is plotted as a green curve. The green curve shows sound pressure levels frequency-weighted using the “A” weighting network and was measured with the sound analyzer set to use a “Fast” time constant. (These settings were used to compare directly to the sound level values presented in the Code. Using a Fast time constant gives higher sound pressure levels than the “Slow” time constant, which is also indicated as an acceptable measurement setting by the Code.) The sound pressure level limited to the frequencies generated by pickleball strikes is plotted as a red curve. Pickleball strikes are well-documented as generating all its sound within the 1,000 Hz octave  Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring May 29, 2024 Page 5 frequency band, and this is what is plotted here. While it shows sound filtered to only the pickleball strike frequency, it is important to note that all the other sound sources recorded also generate sound in that frequency range (though obviously of a different character and level). For example, bird songs and tires-on-road noise also contain frequencies in the 1,000 Hz octave band, and they contribute to the sound pressure level shown by the red curve. An important note here also is that the measurement location, the peak of a pitched roof with an unobstructed view of the pickleball courts, is about 164 feet from the pickleball venue. The residential property line is about 300 feet from the venue. For all measured pickleball values graphed and reported, at the residential property line the sound pressure levels will be at least five (5) to six (6) decibels lower due to inverse square falloff with the increased distance. (I.e., the residential property line is about twice as far from the pickleball venue as the measurement location, so it will be about 5 dB quieter at the residential property line.) It is also worth noting that sound-blocking (“shadowing”) of obstructions to the residential property lines, such as buildings along 6th Street, is not accounted for in the attenuating elements between the venue and the residential property lines. Refer to Graph #3, appended to this narrative (PDF page 9). An overall graph of the measurement period (from Thursday 4/18 through Monday 4/22) is included here. The “fast, maximum” sound pressure levels are plotted (red curve) as well as the “equivalent” sound pressure levels, denoted “Leq” (green curve). Leq may be thought of as the average sound pressure level over time. As can be seen looking at the red curve, maximum sound pressure levels recorded at this site commonly exceed 75 dBA, with some reaching 90 or more, even overnight. It is very important to note the daily trend of the Leq curve. The general trend is that the weekday average levels begin to rise every morning at about 6 a.m. They rise steeply until 8 a.m., when they transition to a slow rise until about noon. From noon to about 6 p.m., the average daily levels are relatively equal, and then they start to drop from 6 p.m. through about 4 a.m. The weekend days are slightly different, with the trend shifting to later by about 2 hours and Sunday being the quietest. What is notable is that, while the pickleball sound stays at the same sound pressure level, the background noise on the site changes throughout the day and from day to day. When the site noise starts to fall off (starting around 6 p.m.), the pickleball noise will become somewhat more noticeable above the [reducing] site noise until the venue closes at 10 p.m. Measurement Location 2, Garage Location: The measurements at this location were used to calculate the sound pressure level at the business’s property line. Pickleball strikes during the monitoring period all registered 81 dBA or less. As indicated below, the 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. venue hours are a time block where additional attenuation of pickleball noise is required to ensure inaudibility. 8 A.M. – 10 A.M. AUDIBILITY The venue opens at 8 a.m. Pickleball strikes were audible from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. at both measurement locations. In order to reduce strikes to an inaudible level at the property lines, they would have to be attenuated to a level that is about 10 dB below the average site noise level during play. A sound barrier is necessary to block the 1,000 Hz frequency. The highest sound pressures of pickle ball strikes were calculated to be about 65 dBA at the residential  property line and 81 dBA at the business property line. Average background sound pressure levels indicate a 10 dB overall mitigation strategy would result in effective sound control. Austin Pickle Ranch Sound Monitoring May 29, 2024 Page 6 The sound pressure levels generated by pickle ball play at The Austin Pickle Ranch comply with The Code of the City of Austin Title 9 requirements between the hours of 10 a.m. and 8 a.m. (22 hours of the day). Between the hours of 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. (2 hours of the day), pickle ball play at The Austin Pickle Ranch is occasionally audible at neighboring residential property lines. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION To further reduce sound from Austin Pickle Ranch between 8 a.m. and 10 a.m., a supplemental sound barrier is recommended. A 7-foot-tall (minimum) sound barrier (as measured from the garage roof floor or pickleball court surface) will provide additional attenuation of 10 dB at 1,000 Hz, which would meet the needed additional attenuation to reduce the highest-sound-pressure- level pickle ball strikes to an inaudible level. This sound barrier can be any material with lab- measured transmission loss of 10 dB or more in the 1,000-Hz third-octave band. A ½-pound- per-square-foot mass-loaded vinyl material would be easy to fasten to the existing garage parapet structure and provides about 20 dB of transmission loss at 1,000 Hz. This material is recommended. Many manufacturers offer such a product – SoundSeal, Kinetics Noise Control, and many others. A reinforced, outdoor-rated version of the product offering should be used. -End of Memo- Sound Pressure Level vs. Time - Thursday 4/18 Sample Between 3:14 p.m. and 3:20 p.m. TRAFFIC TRAIN WITH SQUEAL TRAIN birds ) a P µ 0 2 : e r B d ( l e v e L e r u s s e r P d n u o S 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 pickleball Day and Time LAFmax, 1s periods City of Austin Limit Lmax (1kHz 1-octave) GRAPH #1Each black arrow points to a data point from apickleball strike, verified by review of the recordedaudio. ) a P µ 0 2 : e r B d ( l e v e L e r u s s e r P d n u o S 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 Sound Pressure Level vs. Time - Friday 4/19 Sample Between 7:15 p.m. and 7:21 p.m. MOTORCYCLE pickleball - strong/solid hit pickleball Day and Time LAFmax, 1s periods City of Austin Limit Lmax (1kHz 1-octave) GRAPH #2Each black arrow points to a data point from apickleball strike, verified by review of the recordedaudio.Sound Pressure Level vs. Time - Thursday 4/18 - Monday 4/22 10 p.m. - 10 a.m. 10 p.m. - 10 a.m. 10 p.m. - 10 a.m. 10 p.m. - 10 a.m. ) a P µ 0 2 : e r B d ( l e v e L e r u s s e r P d n u o S 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Day and Time LAFmax (dBA), 15-min. periods City of Austin Limit Leq (dBA) 15-min periods GRAPH #3LFmax from pickle ball, typical "high" measuredlevelsLFmax from pickle ball, calculated levels withsound barrier in place