20260914-002, Wildfire Symposium Summary Part 2 — original pdf

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Buckley, S.B. 1874. First Annual Report of the Geological and Agricultural Survey of Texas. State Geologist 142 p. From Bray 1904 O’Donnell. 2019. Historical ecology of the Texas Hill Country, Historical Accounts of Vegetation Communities from 1700-1900, with an Emphasis on the Eastern Edge of the Edwards Plateau: Austin Water Balcones Canyonland Technical Report. 35 p. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331582514_HISTORICAL_ECOLOGY_OF_THE_TEXAS_HILL_COUNTRY • Findell and Eltahir (1997) tested the hypothesis suggested by Shukla and Mintz (1982) that soil moisture increases local precipitation by comparing a 14-year soil moisture record in Illinois with precipitation. It found that summer initial soil moisture conditions were a strong predictor of drought or flood years. • Englehart and Douglas (2002) examined patterns of drought and flooding from 1910 to 2000 in central United States with large-scale climate modes, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), La Niña, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and found that antecedent soil moisture and vegetation growth were better predictors of extended dry conditions. • Pal et al (2000, 2001, 2002) used regional modeling to show that local soil moisture conditions affected drought and flood conditions in the Midwest United States by creating anticyclones similar to Namias (1960) hypothesis. • Koster et al (2004) used multiple models to show Central Texas into the high plains to the north have a strong coupling between soil moisture and local climate, including temperature and precipitation. Findell, Kirsten L. and Eltahir, Elfatih A.B. 1997. An analysis of the soil moisture-rainfall feedback, based on direct observations from Illinois: Water Resources Research, vol. 33, no. 4, pages 725–735, April 1997 Englehart, Phil J. and Douglas, Arthur V. 2002. On some characteristic variations in warm season precipitation over the central United States (1910–2000): Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 107, no. D16, 4286, 10.1029/2001JD000972 Pal, J. S., E. E. Small, and E. A. B. Eltahir. 2000. Simulation of regional scale water and energy budgets: Influence of a new moist physics scheme within Reg CM, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29,579 – 29, 594. 2000 -Pal et al, JGR Simulation regional-scale.pdf Pal, J. S., and E. A. B. Eltahir. 2001. Pathways relating soil moisture conditions to future summer rainfall within a model of the land-atmosphere system., J. Climate, 14, 1227 – 1242. Pal, J. S., and E. A. B. Eltahir. 2002. Teleconnections of soil moisture and rainfall during the 1993 midwest summer flood: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, No. 18, 1865, doi:10.1029/2002gl014815. 2002GL014815 (mit.edu) Temperature measurements collected over a year in Meru National Park showed the open grasslands have higher surface temperatures, up to (77°F) more than in forests or woodlands (Cerling et al. 2011). 25 ℃ Using Landsat coverages, Clifton Sabajo (2017) found temperature differences between forest and clear-cut land of up to 10° Celsius (18°F) in parts of Sumatra. Meanwhile in the Amazon, Michael Coe of the Woods Hole Research Center recently reported a difference of 3 degrees Celsius (5.4°F) between the cool of the forested Xingu indigenous park and surrounding croplands and pastures. Prevedello et al (2019) used global high-resolution temperature, forest cover, evapotranspiration, and albedo data to show that recently deforested areas have higher temperature rather than lower temperatures predicted from increasing albedo alone. World-wide deforestation may explain as much as 18% of current global warming trends (Alkama and Cescatti, 2016). From Cerling et al. 2011 Cerling, Thure E.; Wynn, Jonathan G.; Andanje, Samuel A.; Bird, Michael I.; Korir, David Kimuta; Levin, Naomi E.; Mace, William; Macharia, Anthony N.; Quade, Jay; & Remien, Christopher H. 2011. Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years: Nature August 2011, V 476 P. 51-56. doi:10.1038/nature10306 Sabajo, C. R., le Maire, G., June, T., Meijide, A., Roupsard, O., and Knohl, A. 2017. Expansion of oil palm and other cash crops causes an increase of the land surface temperature in the Jambi province in Indonesia, Biogeosciences, 14, 4619–4635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4619-2017 Prevedello, Jayme A,, Winck, Gisele R., Weber, Marcelo M., Nichols, Elizabeth Sinervo. 2019. Impacts of forestation and deforestation on local temperature across the globe. PLoS One. 2019; 14(3): e0213368. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6426338/ Alkama, Ramdane and Cescatti, Alessandro. 2016. Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global forest cover: Science V 351 N 6273 p 600-604. Maximum Daily Temperatures Measure 3 feet above ground Average Daily Highs (July-Oct) ) F ( e r u t a r e p m e T 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 CT JJTN JJTS RR Whirl • Average Max Open temp = 109.1 °F • Average Max Wood temp = 99.8 °F Open Wood • 9.3 degree difference between daily max temperature. • Data collected and analyzed by Christina Campbell AW BCP ̊ Ellison David, Pokorný Jan, Wild Martin. 2024. Even cooler insights: On the power of forests to (water the Earth and) cool the planet: Global Change Biology V 30. 20 p. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17195 Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcb.17195