Backup_3_Draft Water Forward 2024 Plan Report — original pdf

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Water Forward 2024 Plan Report DRAFT – September 3, 2024 Report Cover Page This page intentionally left blank. i | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Director’s Message Austin Water is doing important work to make sure Austin has a strong and reliable water supply, even as our city faces the challenges of growth, drought, and a changing climate. Over the past few years, Austin Water has put in place smart strategies that have already made a big difference. We've focused on conservation, encouraging our customers to use water wisely through recent hot and dry years. We've also launched GoPurple, a program that includes requirements and incentives for new and existing developments to reuse water onsite. We are pursuing water storage strategies to stretch our existing supplies. And working closely with our regional partners, we've strengthened Austin's ability to bridge droughts and provide a sustainable water supply to meet all our community’s water needs. Our work doesn't stop here. Climate science tells us that we must do even more to protect our future. The challenges we face are real, and we need to stay ahead of them. That's why we're committed to learning from our past efforts and adjusting as we go. We've been using an adaptive management approach, which means we closely monitor how our plans are working and make changes as needed. This is a key part of Water Forward 2024, which provides a roadmap for Austin's water future. We've been working hand in hand with the Water Forward Task Force, a group of dedicated community members who help inform our efforts. Together, we've updated the plan, adjusted our strategies, and responded to the needs we've identified along the way. This collaborative approach means we're not only thinking about today's needs but also preparing for tomorrow's challenges. At Austin Water, work is already underway to carry out this updated plan. We're focused on staying transparent and accountable to you, our community, as we move forward. We know that water is essential to our quality of life, and we're determined to protect this precious resource. As we look to the future, we at Austin Water hold a hopeful vision. Austin is a leader in water conservation and sustainability and we see a future where our city continues to thrive, and where every resident has access to clean and reliable water, no matter what challenges come our way. Together, we can build a water-secure future for Austin, and I'm excited to continue this journey with you. Thank you for your support and for being a part of Austin's water story. Shay Ralls Roalson, P.E. Austin Water Director WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | ii  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Austin Water prepared the Water Forward 2024 plan with support from the Council-appointed Water Forward Task Force, Community Ambassador’s Group, and Climate Technical Advisory Group. Thank you to the many community members who took part in the process to update the plan. Your feedback helped to create a plan that is reflective of Austin's values and will create a sustainable future for our community. Water Forward Task Force Members Jennifer Walker, Chair District 9, Council Member Zohaib Qadri Robert Mace, Vice Chair District 7, Mayor Pro Tem Leslie Pool Bill Moriarty, P.E. Mayor Kirk Watson Hani Michel, P.E. District 1, Council Member Natasha Harper Madison Paul Difiore Perry Lorenz Sarah Faust Todd Bartee District 2, Council Member Vanessa Fuentes District 3, Council Member Jose Velasquez District 5, Council Member Ryan Alter District 6, Council Member Mackenzie Kelly Vanessa Puig Williams District 8, Council Member Paige Ellis Madelline Mathis District 10, Council Member Alison Alter Ex Officio Members Kevin Critendon, P.E. Austin Water Kathleen Garrett Austin Energy Ramesh Swaminathan, P.E. Watershed Protection Department Zach Baumer Donald Hardee Chase Bryan Daniel Culotta Office of Sustainability Austin Resource Recovery Housing Department Office of Innovation Water Forward Community Ambassadors Group Parthi Arunasalam Gaby Benitez Daniela de Souza Dianna Holman Morgan Jackson, P.E. Maiya Olsen iii | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Water Forward Climate Technical Advisory Group John Nielsen-Gammon, Ph.D. Mohammed Mahmoud, Ph.D. Julie Vano, Ph.D. Laurna Kaatz Austin Water Project Team Director Shay Ralls Roalson, P.E. Executive Sponsor Staff-Level Project Sponsor Teresa Lutes, P.E. Project Manager Kevin Critendon, P.E., PMP Marisa Flores Gonzalez Joseph Gonzales Anna Bryan-Borja Randi Jenkins Ayman Benyamin, P.E. Charles Celauro, P.E. Israel Custodio David Johnson Emily Rafferty Young-Hoon Jin, P.E. Ceara Currie Daria Deeds Kevin Kluge Jason Fraley Jackie Rambo Eric Reynolds Miguel Morales, P.E. Bryan Labissoniere Dan Strub Matt Cullen, P.E. Ginny Guerrero Katherine Jashinski, P.E. Scott Sticker Rebecca Batchelder, P.E. Ryan Sponsler Helen Gerlach, P.E. Joe Smith, P.E. Chad McLain Fatima Wahid Michelle Garza, P.E. Sara Eatman, P.E. Nolan Barborak, P.E. Hoffpauir Consulting RAND Corporation Consultants Richard Hoffpauir, P.E., Ph.D. Robert Lempert Michelle Miro Russell Hanson Joyce James Consulting Joyce James University of Texas at Austin Sabiha Tabassum, Ph.D. Zong-Liang Yang, Ph.D. Paola Passalacqua, Ph.D. Geeta Persad, Ph.D. Dev Niyogi, Ph.D. Wen-Ying Wu, Ph.D. Plummer Associates Inc. Brigit Buff, P.E. Cody McCann Qiwen Zhang, P.E. Ellen McDonald, P.E. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | iv This page intentionally left blank. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | iv  TABLE OF CONTENTS Page | Chapter 1 | Executive Summary 2 | Introduction 7 | Collaborative Plan Update 12 | Current Water Resources 17 | Planning for Uncertainty 27 | Future Water Strategies 41 | Plan Implementation 45 | Appendices v | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT ABBREVIATIONS AF .........................................Acre Feet AF/yr...................................... Acre Feet Per Year AMI ....................................... Advanced Metering Infrastructure ASR ...................................... Aquifer Storage and Recovery AW ........................................ Austin Water BCP ...................................... Balcones Canyonlands CIP ........................................ Capital Improvement Project City ....................................... City of Austin COA ...................................... City of Austin COM ..................................... Commercial DDM ..................................... Disaggregated Demand Model GPCD ................................... Gallons Per Capita Per Day WCP ..................................... Water Conservation Plan WQPL ................................... Water Quality Protection Lands DCP ...................................... Drought Contingency Plan DPR ...................................... Direct Potable Reuse DTI ........................................ Delphi, Trends, and Imagine Austin DWDR .................................. Drought Worse than the Drought of Record GIS ....................................... Geographic Information Systems IPR ........................................ Indirect Potable Reuse LCRA .................................... Lower Colorado River Authority MFR ...................................... Multifamily Residential MGD ..................................... Million Gallons Per Day Plan ...................................... Water Forward 2024 Plan SFR ...................................... Single Family Residential TCEQ .................................... Texas Commission on Environmental Quality TWDB ................................... Texas Water Development Board TM ........................................ Technical Memorandum WAM ..................................... Water Availability Model WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | vi WHL ...................................... Wholesale Customers WF18 .................................... Water Forward 2018 Plan WF24 .................................... Water Forward 2024 Plan WTP ...................................... Water Treatment Plant WWTP .................................. Wastewater Treatment Plant vii | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This section is in development. 1 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Water is essential to Austin’s quality of life. Austin’s water supply comes from the lower Colorado River and Lakes Travis and Buchanan. These two water supply reservoirs, which are managed by the Lower Colorado River Authority, are a part of a chain of lakes called the Highland Lakes. In the future, the lower Colorado River system will likely experience impacts from regional growth, droughts, and climate change. Water Forward provides a roadmap for Austin to meet these challenges and provide a sustainable, resilient, equitable, and affordable water future for our community for the next 100 years. The plan includes a suite of conservation, reuse, and supply strategies to be implemented over the next 50 years. The plan also includes a 100-year adaptive management framework to respond to changing conditions. About the City of Austin The City of Austin is the capital of the State of Texas. The City is home to over a million people, with a growing number of residents in small cities surrounding Austin. The Greater Austin area has experienced strong and rapid growth in recent years, with a population of over 2.4 million people. Major employers in Austin include government, higher education, and high-tech industries. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 2  Austin is located on the banks of the Colorado River between the drier Texas Hill Country to the west and the wetter Blackland prairies to the east. Austin falls within a humid subtropical climate zone characterized by long, hot summers and short, mild winters, with an average annual precipitation of 34 inches. The City and the lower Colorado River upstream of Austin receive the highest rainfall amounts during the months of May, June, September, and October. The City of Austin has a number of plans which are a part of the City’s overall approach to preparing for a climate resilient future for the Austin community. Water Forward is one piece of that approach, with a focus on water supply reliability. Austin Water works closely with other City departments on climate resilience initiatives including and beyond Water Forward. Examples of how Water Forward reinforces and complements other key City departments and plans are listed below. Key City Plan Interactions • Rain to River: A Strategic Plan to Protect Austin’s Creeks and Communities – The mission of the City of Austin’s Watershed Protection Department is to protect lives, property, and the environment by reducing the impact of flood, erosion, and water pollution. Rain to River is a strategic plan that will guide the work of the Watershed Protection Department for the next ten years. Austin Water and Watershed Protection coordinate on policies that provide local water quality and water conservation benefits. That includes requirements for green stormwater infrastructure, such as rain or storm water harvesting. Imagine Austin, the City’s Comprehensive Plan – Prepared by the City’s Planning Department, Imagine Austin is Austin's 30-year plan for our future growth and development. Austin Water and Watershed Protection staff co-lead the Sustainably Manage Our Water Resources Priority Program. The departments coordinate on water resource management efforts from the local to regional scale. • • Austin Climate Equity Plan – the City’s Office of Sustainability developed the Climate Equity Plan to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2040. The plan includes water conservation strategies to reduce the energy used to treat and distribute water. • One Austin: Resilience Framework for Action – The City’s Office of Resilience has created a summary of climate shocks and stresses that impact Austin. The framework includes an outline of key issues and aspirations as documented in existing City plans. 3 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT About Austin Water Austin Water is a department of the City of Austin. The department serves as the City’s water, wastewater, and reclaimed water utility. Austin Water serves 1.17 million retail and wholesale customers across a 538 square mile service area. Austin Water owns and operates three major water treatment plants with a combined treatment capacity of 335 million gallons per day. Austin Water’s water distribution system has over 4,000 miles of pipe and 21 major pump stations. This system delivers water to customers in nine major pressure zones. Austin Water operates two major wastewater treatment plants with a combined treatment capacity of 150 MGD. These plants discharge treated effluent into the Colorado River. The utility also operates several smaller wastewater treatment plants, a biosolids management plant, and participates in the Brushy Creek Wastewater System. Austin Water consistently meets or exceeds state and federal drinking water quality and treated wastewater discharge standards. Austin Water employs sustainable water practices through its Water Conservation and Reclaimed Water programs. To protect water quality and endangered species habitat, Austin Water manages 14,000 acres in the Balcones Canyonlands Preserve and 34,000 acres of Water Quality Protection Lands. Recognizing the importance of strong regional partnerships, Austin Water has established a Water Partnership with the Lower Colorado River Authority. The Partnership collaboratively addresses issues related to water supply, water quality, and water conservation. Austin Water is also an active participant in the State Water Planning process through the Lower Colorado WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 4  (Region K) Regional Water Planning Group. Strategies included in the Water Forward plan are included in the Region K water plan. Planning for Drought and Climate Change During the most recent drought from 2008 to 2016, rainfall and the flow of water into Lakes Travis and Buchanan (known as “inflows”) were at historic lows. In 2011, the worst year of the drought, inflows were 11% of the historical average. In response to this severe drought, Austin City Council created the 2014 Austin Water Resource Planning Task Force to evaluate the City's water needs and make recommendations regarding future water planning. The 2014 Task Force recommended that Austin Water develop an Integrated Water Resource Plan. Council then created the Austin Integrated Water Resource Planning Community Task Force, informally called the Water Forward Task Force, to support the plan’s creation. Austin Water worked with the Water Forward Task Force, consultants, and the community over a three period to develop the first Water Forward plan. The resulting plan was unanimously approved by Council in November 2018. Following Council approval of the 2018 Water Forward plan, Austin Water began implementing near term plan strategies. The Water Forward Task Force continued to meet regularly to participate in the implementation phase. Key implementation milestones during this time included: • Including the Water Forward 2018 strategies in the 2021 Region K Water Plan, making these projects eligible for low-interest State loans • Council adoption of an onsite reuse regulatory framework and pilot incentive • Council adoption of code requiring water use benchmarking applications with all new site • Completing the OSCAR and CLARA onsite reuse pilot project at the City’s Permitting plan submittals and Development Center • Council adoption of the GoPurple program to increase use of onsite reuse and centralized reclaimed water through regulatory requirements, cost-sharing, grants, and other incentives • Replacing all 250,000 analog meters in the City with digital meters as part of the My ATX Water Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) project (currently 98% complete) • Developing an Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) desktop analysis to identify favorable areas for an ASR pilot project Initiating emergency Indirect Potable Reuse planning and permitting activities • • Completing a third-party evaluation of Austin Water’s water loss program • Initiating landscape transformation code changes for new single family residential homes Austin Water celebrates these achievements, and we recognize the need to do more, as well as to proactively adjust strategies in response to lessons learned. Austin Water began updating the Water Forward plan in late 2021. In 2022 and 2023, exceptionally hot and dry weather resulted again in record-breaking low inflows to the Highland Lakes. These historic conditions so soon after a severe drought have reinforced the importance of implementing strong and effective drought response, water conservation, reuse, and supply strategies. During the update to Water Forward, Austin Water also completed updates to the state- mandated Water Conservation Plan (WCP) and Drought Contingency Plan (DCP). In response to feedback from the Water Forward Task Force, Austin Water committed to revising these plans and bringing them back to Council alongside Water Forward 2024. Austin Water has 5 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT aligned Water Forward with these revised plans, including the Water Conservation Plan 5- and 10-year gallon per capita per day goals. Role of the Water Forward Plan Water Forward 2024 includes a suite of conservation, reuse, and supply strategies for the next 50 years. The plan is strategic in nature and is intended to guide the development of projects, programs, and policies. The plan includes a timeline of five-year actions for near-term strategies. The plan outlines Austin Water’s approach to monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and proactive adaptation of near-term strategies. The plan also includes a 100-year adaptive management framework that maps out alternative long-term strategy implementation pathways. These pathways identify alternatives to respond to changing demand, supply, and climate conditions. Austin Water will continue to update Water Forward every five years. Each update will incorporate progress made, new data, and lessons learned. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 6  CHAPTER 2 COLLABORATIVE PLAN UPDATE Mission Statement Austin Water and the Water Forward Task Force worked collaboratively to update the 2018 Water Forward Statement of Purpose and reflect a refreshed vision for the 2024 plan. Water Forward Mission Statement The purpose of Water Forward is to develop and implement diverse and environmentally conscious water management strategies to adapt to growth, drought, and climate change and ensure a sustainable, resilient, equitable, and affordable water future for our community for the next 100 years. Guiding Principles Austin Water, in collaboration with the Water Forward Task Force updated the plan's guiding principles to reflect the Austin community’s values. The guiding principles informed the process to update the plan and the objectives the plan is trying to achieve. Water Forward Guiding Principles 1. Create a plan that is resilient to growth, drought, and climate change. 2. Include diverse water management strategies that make use of all water sources, including reuse, conservation, and efficiency. 3. Use a holistic and inclusive approach to water resource planning that incorporates the Austin community’s values. 4. Use an equity and affordability lens to develop and implement the plan. 5. Protect the health of the Colorado River and natural environment. 6. Minimize implementation and operational risk. 7. Focus on locally available water supplies. 7 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Planning Objectives The Water Forward plan objectives are the broad goals of the plan. They include ensuring water reliability, increasing equity, protecting the environment, being cost-effective, and reducing risks in implementing strategies. Each objective is related to one or several sub-objectives. Each sub- objective is tied to a performance measure. Portfolios of water strategies were evaluated using these performance measures. The results of the evaluation were translated into scores that were weighted by the relative importance of the sub-objective. These weighted scores were then combined to create an overall portfolio score that was used to compare portfolios. Objective Objective Weight Sub-Objective Water Supply Benefits Economic Benefits 40% 20% Maximize reliability and resiliency, minimize vulnerability Maximize portfolio diversity Maximize cost-effectiveness Equity Benefits 8% Maximize positive benefits and minimize negative impacts for marginalized communities Environmental Benefits 20% Minimize ecosystem impacts Minimize net energy use Maximize water use efficiency Minimize water quality impacts Minimize implementation and operational risk Implementation Benefits 12% Maximize distribution and collection system resiliency Maximize local control/local resource Sub- Objective Weight 35% 5% 20% 8% 4% 6% 6% 4% 3.5% 3.5% 5% WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 8  Planning Process Austin Water prepared the Water Forward 2024 plan with support from the Water Forward Task Force, Community Ambassador’s Group, and Climate Technical Advisory Group. Feedback from advocacy organizations and the community also informed the plan. The plan builds on the Water Forward 2018 plan and followed the planning process outlined below and further described in Appendix C: Defined our values and future water needs Identified and characterized potential strategies Developed and evaluated portfolios of strategies Selected the best portfolio and implementation approach 1. Defined our values and future water needs – Austin Water, in collaboration with the Water Forward Task Force, incorporated the Austin community’s values into an updated plan mission statement, guiding principles, and objectives. Austin Water also updated projections of water demand, climate, hydrology, and future regional supplies. These projections were combined to create many different plausible future scenarios that were modeled to define the range of potential future water supply needs. 2. Identified and characterized potential strategies – Austin Water compiled a list of potential conservation, reuse, and supply strategies based on the strategies that had been considered in Water Forward 2018. Community input and input from the Water Forward Task Force added strategies to this list. Austin Water then consolidated similar strategies to create a list of 17 strategies to characterize in terms of potential water yield and cost. 3. Developed and evaluated portfolios of strategies – Austin Water tested many groupings of conservation, reuse, and supply strategies against many plausible future scenarios to identify groupings that provided the greatest water supply reliability across a range of costs. Top performing groupings were selected for further evaluation as water resource portfolios. Ten portfolios were evaluated using a multi-criteria decision making framework to understand which portfolio did the best job of meeting objectives such as water reliability, equity, environmental benefits, economic benefits, and implementation benefits. 4. Selected the best portfolio and implementation approach – Working with the Water Forward Task Force, Austin Water selected the portfolio that did the best job of achieving multiple objectives. Austin Water and the Water Forward Task Force collaborated to define an actionable implementation approach for the strategies in the preferred portfolio. 9 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Community Engagement Austin Water engaged the community through public workshops and open houses, webinars, surveys, social media, event tabling, and digital newsletters. Austin Water also held one-on-one meetings with advocacy organizations. Key themes from community feedback included concern about growth in Austin, concerns about water supply reliability through drought, and concerns about affordability. Community feedback related to specific water strategies included support for prioritizing conservation and demand management strategies, support for more restrictions and enforcement for outdoor water usage, support for considering innovative supply strategies like direct potable reuse, concerns and potential misunderstandings about Aquifer Storage and Recovery, and support for land conservation activities. Community Engagement Activity Engagement Number of Workshops/Open Houses Held Number of Workshop/Open House Attendees Number of One on One Meetings with Community Organizations Number of Surveys Launched Number of Survey Responses Number of Webinars Held Number of Webinar Attendees Number of newsletters sent Number of Impressions of Water Forward Related Social Media 6 167 25 3 694 4 61 45,052 26 WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 10  Representatives from organizations serving marginalized communities shared that thinking about water supply reliability or source water quality may not be a high priority for marginalized people who may have other concerns related to their day-to-day needs. A key question asked was, “Why should black and brown people care about this?” Other feedback pointed out that it's easy to forget the load that is on marginalized people with decision making and stress and that solutions should be designed to provide them with easily accessible benefits. The importance of establishing relationships with people connected to marginalized communities to expand Austin Water’s reach was emphasized. Equity and Affordability Acknowledging that the lack of a reliable and affordable water supply would likely have the greatest impacts on marginalized communities, Austin Water created a Community Ambassadors Group to help develop an Equity and Affordability Roadmap for the Water Forward 2024 plan. This document emphasizes the importance of addressing inequities faced by marginalized communities in Austin by ensuring equitable access to water resources. For the purposes of the plan, marginalized communities were defined as communities of color and low- income communities. The Roadmap is grounded in a historical understanding of racial and economic disparities in Austin and uses the key concepts of procedural and distributive equity to identify best practices related to transparent decision-making processes and equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens from implementing Water Forward strategies. The Equity and Affordability Roadmap is included in Appendix B. Reliable Supply Protect Public Health Accountable Affordable The Community Ambassadors Group guided the development of the Equity and Affordability Tool that was used by Austin Water to assess the impacts of conservation, reuse, and supply strategies. The Tool includes themes related to areas of community concern, including water supply reliability, public health, accountability, and affordability, all viewed through an equity lens. The Tool identifies key questions associated with each of these themes, creating a framework to evaluate water strategies. One of the goals of this evaluation was to identify strategies that had greater benefits for marginalized communities and to find ways to mitigate potentially inequitable impacts of strategies. The results of this evaluation are included in Appendix G. 11 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT CHAPTER 3 CURRENT WATER RESOURCES Austin’s Water Supplies All of Austin’s drinking water comes from the lower Colorado River. The lower Colorado River is generally known as the section of the river downstream of Lakes O.H. Ivie and Brownwood down to the Gulf of Mexico. The lower Colorado is dammed six times upstream from Austin, forming the Highland Lakes. Two of the Highland Lakes, Lakes Buchanan and Travis, act as the region’s water supply and flood control reservoirs. The Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) manages Lakes Buchanan and Travis in alignment with a State approved LCRA Water Management Plan that was last updated in 2020. Austin Water sources its potable water supply from the lower Colorado River. Three separate major water treatment plant intake facilities on Lakes Travis and Austin divert water from the river.  To use river water, Austin Water has senior run-of-river water rights granted by the State. The City also has a water supply contract with the LCRA for firm water, which is water that is expected to be available without shortage through a repeat of the drought of record. The drought of record in the Lower Colorado River Basin was the 1950s drought for many decades. However, the recent historic drought in this basin from 2008 to 2016 has become the new drought of record. Austin’s firm water supply contract was approved in October 1999, when Austin entered into a key agreement with LCRA. This agreement was an amendment to a previous 1987 agreement and provides firm backup (including stored water from Lakes Travis and Buchanan) for Austin’s run-of-river rights and additional firm water totaling up to 325,000 acre feet per year. Under the 1999 agreement, Austin prepaid $100 million for supply reservation and use fees. Future water use payments to LCRA will be triggered when Austin's annual average use for two consecutive calendar years exceeds 201,000 acre feet per year. The year after this trigger is reached, Austin will begin paying LCRA for diversions of water above 150,000 acre feet per year. The term of the 1999 agreement extends through the year 2050 with an option for the City to renew the agreement for an additional 50-year period through the year 2100. Existing Land Conservation Programs WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 12  Water Quality Protection Lands Since 1998, Austin Water’s Water Quality Protection Lands (WQPL) Program has conserved over 34,000 acres of land through a mix of fee simple land acquisition and conservation easements. The goal of the program is to protect Barton Springs in perpetuity. The program protects land located in the recharge and contributing zones of the Barton Springs segment of the Edwards Aquifer. These lands drain into the Colorado River Basin below Lake Travis. Management of these lands focuses on the ecological restoration of vegetation to native prairie and savanna ecosystems. These ecosystems enhance water recharge and provide biodiversity. Activities to restore vegetation combined with active karst aquifer management effectively protect water quality and quantity. Balcones Canyonlands Preserve Since 1996, the City’s Balcones Canyonlands Preserve (BCP) Program has protected over 14,000 acres via fee simple land acquisition. The BCP system includes a number of partners including Travis County, the Nature Conservancy, Travis Audubon and others. Lands protected by the BCP program and partners total over 32,000 acres in Western Travis County. The goal of the BCP program is to protect the habitat of endangered songbirds and karst invertebrates. BCP lands are managed to provide habitat for seven endangered species and twenty-eight species of concern that call the preserve home. This Preserve system is required to be permanently protected and provides mitigation for a streamlined permitting process for habitat impacts from development and infrastructure in Western Travis County. One of the secondary goals of the BCP lands is to protect water quality in the City’s drinking water basins. Most of the land is located within the Lake Travis and Lake Austin watersheds. Research has shown that land conservation leads to higher water quality downstream. Existing Water Conservation Programs For many years, the City has emphasized water conservation in normal weather as well as during a drought. Austin Water has both a Water Conservation Plan and a Drought Contingency Plan, as required in Texas for large municipal water suppliers. Both plans were last updated on May 2, 2024, in compliance with the 5-year review and update cycle. They are currently undergoing revision in coordination with the 5-year review and update of the Water Forward plan. The City’s Water Conservation Plan details incentive programs, educational efforts and regulations designed to reduce both peak and average day water use. The City’s Drought Contingency Plan specifies how the City will respond and manage the water system during drought, as well as during demand or infrastructure events that constrain water supply. Education and Outreach Austin Water leads extensive water conservation efforts, engaging the community through education, outreach, and innovative programs. Austin Water raises awareness about water use restrictions through public events and school programs, such as the Dowser Dan School Assembly and the Mobile River exhibit, which target young students with interactive learning. The Water Conservation Speakers Bureau and participation in community events further extend Austin Water's educational reach. Austin Water also employs marketing campaigns across various media platforms to promote water conservation, using branded materials for consistency. In 2023, Austin Water transitioned to online fillable forms for conservation programs, improving customer access and processing efficiency. The utility leverages social media and the My ATX Water portal to share information and engage with the public. Workshops, including the WaterWise Irrigation Professionals 13 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Seminar, provide targeted education, while Austin Water collaborates with regional partners through the Central Texas Water Efficiency Network. Residential and Commercial Customer Programs Austin Water offers a variety of residential and commercial programs to promote water conservation. For residential customers, Austin Water provides digital garden hose meters and sunlight calculators through the Austin Public Library to help manage water use. Free water- saving tools like showerheads and soil moisture meters are also available, with distribution now streamlined through direct mailing. Austin Water also offers rebates for irrigation upgrades, landscape improvements, and graywater systems. For commercial customers, Austin Water's "Bucks for Business" program incentivizes water- efficient practices, offering rebates for equipment upgrades and process changes that reduce water consumption. Additional rebates are available for installing rainwater harvesting systems, efficient kitchen equipment, and pool filter upgrades. Austin Water also supports the connection of commercial properties to reclaimed water mains and offers rebates for converting landscapes to native plants. Regulatory Programs Austin Water enforces a comprehensive Water Conservation Code that applies to all retail customers, with year-round restrictions such as limiting automatic irrigation to once a week and hose-end watering to twice a week. Additional restrictions apply during drought stages, including time-of-day limitations and specific watering schedules based on property type. Austin Water also prohibits water waste and offers variances for newly installed xeriscape landscapes. To ensure compliance, Austin Water conducts routine patrols, investigates public reports, and enforces penalties, with a progressive penalty structure that increases based on usage tiers. AW also mandates water efficiency assessments for commercial facilities, irrigation systems, cooling towers, and vehicle washes, with penalties for non-compliance. Water Loss Program Austin Water ensures all customer water connections are metered, meeting American Water Works Association accuracy standards. Large meters undergo rigorous testing before and after installation, with annual checks to maintain accuracy. The My ATX Water smart metering program, set to be completed in 2025, will replace over 99% of meters, enhancing accuracy and reducing apparent losses. Austin Water conducts annual Water Loss Audits and has partnered with a consulting firm to improve water loss management. Leak detection is prioritized, with $2 million annually allocated for inspecting over 500 miles of water lines using advanced technology. The "Renewing Austin" program focuses on replacing aging water lines to prevent future leaks, while an accelerated leak response program addresses most emergency leaks within a day. Austin Water also works to reduce non-revenue water through data analysis, investigating suspicious usage patterns, and preventing water theft. Water Use Benchmarking Since 2021, Austin Water has required that Water Benchmarking Applications be submitted with each site plan. This helps applicants assess how water will be used within their development projects and identify water reuse and water conservation opportunities before construction begins. Applicants of large developments with 250,000 gross square feet or greater are also required to meet with AW staff to review their Water Benchmarking Application and available incentives for conservation and reuse. Each applicant is provided with a set of WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 14  recommendations for how to improve water use efficiency within their specific project as well as information on the benefits of incorporating these recommendations into their project, such as water utility bill savings and available rebates or incentives. This initiative aims to establish annual water budgets for commercial development projects, with 439 applicants having undergone this process by December 31, 2023. Eventually, AW may institute excess usage charges for commercial projects that exceed an annual water budget. Following the effective date of the mandatory onsite reuse requirement, water benchmarking meetings have also included ensuring compliance with onsite water reuse and reclaimed water connection ordinances. Existing Reuse Programs Centralized and Decentralized Reclaimed Water Programs Austin Water began providing reclaimed water in 1974. Reclaimed water is used for non-potable uses including irrigation of golf courses, ballfields, parks, and commercial properties.  Other major non-potable uses include cooling towers, manufacturing, and toilet flushing. Austin’s reclaimed water system provides a low-priced source of non-potable water, helps conserve treated potable water, contributes to deferral of treatment plant construction and water contract payments, and provides other environmental benefits. Historically, AW directed reclaimed system growth toward existing large-volume commercial and industrial potable water users that could convert a portion of their potable water use to reclaimed water. As a result, the system grows from the east, where the reclaimed water is generated, to the City’s center, where most customers can be found. Austin Water’s reclaimed water is treated and distributed via the centralized reclaimed water system from Austin Water’s two major wastewater treatment plants. The centralized reclaimed water system is made up of four pump stations, two pressure zones, 72.8 miles of main, and six water storage facilities. An additional 12.9 miles of reclaimed main pipelines are either in the design phase or under construction. Additionally, three public bulk water filling stations facilitate reclaimed water distribution. The system supplies approximately 5,100 acre feet of water to 185 metered customers annually. Austin Water also treats and provides reclaimed water from three small-scale decentralized wastewater treatment plants. Bulk reclaimed water is also available to customers at three bulk fill stations. Centralized reclaimed water system construction has two current priorities. The first priority is referred to as “Completing the Core” and can be described as main looping. Increased looping of the distribution system improves the reliability of system operations in the event of power outages and main breaks. The second priority is an additional transmission main from the South Austin Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant to the Montopolis Reclaimed Water Reservoir. This main will help meet growing demands in the Central Service Area and allow the Montopolis Reservoir to better support those growing demands. The Reclaimed Water Mandatory Connection Ordinance, adopted by Austin City Council in September 2021, mandates that any development project within 250 feet of a reclaimed water line must connect to the reclaimed water system for irrigation, cooling, toilet flushing, and other significant non-potable water uses. For large developments with 250,000 square feet or more of gross floor area, the connection mandate extends to 500 feet. In April of 2024, Austin City Council updated the ordinance to exempt certain affordable housing projects but directed staff to look at the feasibility of fully subsidizing the cost of reclaimed connections and dual plumbing for these projects by April 2025. 15 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Onsite Reuse Program AW has been promoting onsite water reuse for over a decade, encouraging the utilization of non-potable water sources like rainwater, graywater, reclaimed water, and others for irrigation, cooling, and toilet flushing. Several changes to City Codes and Ordinances have facilitated this while ensuring public health and safety. Since September of 2017, new commercial and multi- family projects with cooling towers have been required to reuse condensate or utilize non- potable water to compensate for evaporative losses. The Onsite Water Reuse System (OWRS) Program was initiated to implement code changes adopted in December 2020 that regulate the collection, treatment, and use of alternative water sources for non-potable uses in multi-family and commercial buildings. Effective April 1, 2024, the collection and treatment of rainwater and condensate for reuse in commercial and multi- family developments of 250,000 gross square feet or greater is required. Additionally, the Onsite Water Reuse Incentive Program provides project reimbursements of up to $500,000 for voluntarily incorporating onsite water reuse systems. Similar to the Reclaimed Water Mandatory Connection Ordinance, certain affordable housing projects are exempt from onsite water reuse requirements, but staff is looking at the feasibility to fully subsidize onsite water reuse for these projects. GoPurple Program In March of 2024 AW launched a new GoPurple program to increase use of reclaimed water and onsite water reuse systems in and around Austin. The program aims to support various measures like cost-sharing, grants, and other incentives for reuse. It is funded through a new Community Benefit Charge for AW customers and a voluntary rate dedicated to water reuse. Any new commercial or multi-family development that is connecting to the reclaimed water system or installing an onsite water reuse system is eligible to participate in the program and receive financial incentives from AW to reduce the cost of installing water reuse piping or treatment systems. For more information regarding the GoPurple requirements, incentives, and funding sources, please visit the GoPurple website at www.austintexas.gov/page/go-purple. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 16  CHAPTER 4 PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY Modeling Scenarios The Water Forward planning horizon extends 100 years into the future. There are a wide range of futures that could occur over this timeframe with potential impacts on the City's water supplies. These possible futures include three main drivers: the effects of climate change, growth of Austin’s demand for water as population increases, and new water supply projects in the Lower Colorado River basin. Each of these drivers are more uncertain further into the future. Rather than trying to estimate the levels of uncertainty for each driver and select a single future pathway, Water Forward modeling explored a wide range of possibilities for each driver. The combinations of climate change effects on water supply, demand growth, and regional supply development were paired together to explore many possible outcomes, also known as modeling scenarios. The purpose of the modeling scenarios is to find solutions that are reliable across as many possible future conditions as possible. Austin Water selected three climate futures to include in the modeling scenarios. These reflected lower, medium, and higher warming conditions. The temperature and precipitation of the climate models (discussed below) for each warming condition were translated into possible future streamflows for the Colorado River Basin. In general, streamflows during drought were found to decrease in warmer climate futures. Austin Water also created low, medium, and high projections of Austin’s water demand and regional supplies. Austin’s water demands were estimated based on population growth trends and the water use characteristics of the different 17 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT customer sectors, such as residential, commercial, and industrial users. Levels of regional supply growth were developed using the most recent report by the Lower Colorado Regional Water (Region K) Planning Group which is one of 16 planning areas that form the basis of the Texas State Water Plan. Regional supply projects are defined as projects implemented by entities other than the City of Austin that contribute to the shared resources of the lower Colorado River and help meet growing future water needs in the basin. Climate Change Austin Water worked with researchers at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) to develop climate projections from Global Circulation Models (GCMs). A GCM is a tool that scientists use to understand how the Earth's climate works and how temperatures, rainfall, and other weather patterns might change in the future. Austin Water also formed a group of climate experts to review and provide input into the Water Forward Climate and Hydrology Analysis. This group was called the Water Forward Climate Technical Advisory Group or CTAG. The project team assessed and selected GCMs that accurately replicated historical climate data for the Texas Colorado River Basin. Five GCMs were chosen based on factors including their performance and availability of data. The selected models were downscaled and bias-corrected to match the specific needs of the Water Forward plan. Austin Water’s consulting hydrologist, Dr. Richard Hoffpauir, then translated the downscaled GCM data into hydrologic data to be used in water availability modeling. This process summarized historical rainfall, temperature, and evaporation data and used an algorithm to select the weather variables that did the best job of predicting historical streamflow at 45 points throughout the lower Colorado River Basin. These weather variables were used to create flow models for each point. Future climate data was fed into these flow models to create projections of future streamflow with climate change. Colorado River Basin and water availability model control points. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 18  The results of the climate and hydrology analysis show increasing average and maximum monthly temperatures and greater variability in precipitation. This will likely result in more frequent, longer-duration, and more severe droughts as well as more intense rainfall events. These impacts will generally cause lower streamflow in the Colorado River and less inflow into Lakes Travis and Buchanan. Future Baseline Water Demands Austin Water used a model developed by the utility, called the Disaggregated Demand Model (DDM), to project future water demands for retail and wholesale customers. The DDM creates estimates of spatially-disaggregated water use by customer sector, subsector, and end use. To develop growth inputs for the model, Austin Water worked with the City Demographer to perform a detailed evaluation of 2020 Census data in comparison to 2020 water billing data and develop 2020 retail and wholesale population, employment, and residential unit estimates at the parcel level. From this, 100-year total served population projections were developed for low, medium, and high scenarios at key planning years: 2040, 2080, and 2120. Population and employment projections were developed based on historical trends and subject matter expertise and distributed across the City at a small-polygon level in alignment with the Imagine Austin Growth Concept Map and development data. The table below presents the population projections at each planning year. The graphic shows the spatial distribution of population growth for the medium projection, with more dense population in the brighter colors. Year 2020 2040 2080 2120 Austin Water Served Population Projections Low Projection Medium Projection High Projection 1,065,000 1,475,000 2,321,000 2,866,000 1,065,000 1,524,000 2,458,000 3,209,000 1,065,000 1,576,000 2,602,000 3,594,000 Historical billing data from 2015-2020 were categorized by sector, including single-family, multi- family, and commercial customers, as well as City of Austin departments. The model used these data points to calculate baseline indoor and outdoor water use factors. Water use factors also 19 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT incorporated adjustments for weather impacts, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and continued passive conservation efforts, such as efficiency improvements in water fixtures. To create water demand projections, residential units and employees were multiplied by the relevant water use factor at the small-polygon level, and demand projections for each polygon were aggregated to create City-wide demand projections. Appendix D includes more information about the development and results of the demand projection process. Austin Water Baseline Water Demand Projections (Consumption – Acre Feet) Low Projection Medium Projection High Projection 130,740 177,780 277,950 332,930 130,740 182,960 291,870 366,470 130,740 188,310 306,620 405,390 Year 2020 2040 2080 2120 Projected Baseline Water Demands, Without Additional Conservation and Reuse Savings Future Water Supply Needs For each future decade from 2030 to 2080, the municipal water supply needs of Austin were estimated using the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Water Availability Model (WAM). The WAM is the main model used for evaluating water availability to water rights within the state's river basins. The WAM was used because Austin depends on its state-granted water rights to the Colorado River and its contracts with the LCRA. Using the WAM, Austin’s water rights and contractual supplies were considered alongside all other water rights within the shared resources of the Colorado River basin. In the model, as Austin's water demands grow over time along with those of other users, the WAM combines information from all users in the basin to model water availability. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 20  In the model, City of Austin water supply needs occur during times of severe drought when there is insufficient Colorado River flow and Highland Lakes storage to meet Austin customer demand. Water supply needs can arise outside of droughts in latter decades as the City’s demand exceeds its water supply contract with LCRA for 325,000 AFY. Potential future water supply needs cover a range in each decade since the modeling scenarios that were used incorporate a wide range of possible future conditions, from varying levels of climate change impacts to differing Austin demands and regional supply developments. The results of this modeling show that future water supply needs due to extreme drought increase with climate change impacts over time and with increasing needs of other water users within the basin. Hotter and drier climate change impacts result in lower levels of run-of-river supplies as well as lower inflows that replenish storage in the upstream reservoirs. At the same time, other users with water supply contracts with LCRA or their own state run-of-river rights have increasing demands as time progresses. The additional conservation, reuse, and supply strategies identified in this plan were sized to meet this range of future water supply needs. The chart below shows the extent of “unmet needs” (when projected water demands exceed available supplies) by decade. For example, in 2070, about half of the modeled scenarios show no unmet needs, while the other half show unmet needs of varying severity up to 300,000 AF. This illustrates the “many possible outcomes” described in the Modeling Scenarios section above. Estimated Future Supply Needs by Volume and Decade 21 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Water Strategy Identification Austin Water compiled a list of potential conservation, reuse, and supply strategies based on Water Forward 2018 strategies. All strategies considered in the 2018 planning effort were included in the Water Forward 2024 initial strategy list. All strategies were included so that costs and yields could be updated and strategies could be re-evaluated. The Water Forward Task Force provided input on strategies to consider and potential strategy adjustments. Community input gathered at in-person and virtual workshops and an online survey provided community perspectives on the strategies. In total, 38 strategies were included in the initial list of strategies. These strategies can be broadly categorized as shown below. The top row represents conservation strategies that reduce our overall water use. The middle row represents strategies that maximize the use of our existing water supplies. The bottom row represents strategies that increase our available water supplies. Utility-Side Water Loss Control Customer Side Water Use Management Native and Efficient Landscapes Non-Potable Reuse Potable Reuse Water Supply Storage Water Rights and Water Supply Contracts New Water Supplies Categories of initially identified water strategies Austin Water consolidated similar strategies from the initial list to create a streamlined list of 17 strategies. Plummer Associates, Inc. worked with Austin Water to refine strategy definitions and to identify key programs, policies, and infrastructure components for each strategy. The project team estimated potential savings for conservation and reuse strategies using detailed future water demand projections from the Disaggregated Demand Model. Conservation and reuse savings estimates were developed to avoid double counting of potable demand reductions. Plummer then used the Unified Cost Model, a tool developed by the Texas Water Development Board for use in the state water planning process, to create standardized capital, operations and maintenance, and annual costs for each strategy. Strategy costs and modeling yields can be found in Appendix F. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 22  Water Resource Portfolio Development and Evaluation Austin Water and its consultant RAND Corporation tested many groupings of the identified conservation, reuse, and supply strategies against many plausible future scenarios for 2080, the 50-year planning horizon. This work helped to identify groupings that provided a balance between reliability in meeting future water needs and the overall cost of each portfolio. From this analysis, ten candidate groupings, or portfolios, were identified as optimal, offering the best trade-off between reliability and cost. This graphic shows all the portfolios modeled as blue and gray dots. The benefit (performance in terms of water supply reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability) and cost of each portfolio was compared against the theoretical highest benefit and highest cost. The blue dots represent the “optimal” portfolios, which have the lowest cost for a given performance. For example, portfolio six has a cost score of 20% of the highest cost, whereas other portfolios that provide the same level of performance have a higher cost score. Results of water strategy grouping evaluation to identify candidate portfolios All ten candidate portfolios included Aquifer Storage and Recovery and the most aggressive set of conservation and reuse strategies. For each of the ten portfolios, the project team identified an implementation pathway for the decades leading up to 2080 that gradually built up to the 2080 yield targets of each individual strategy. 23 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT  Top ten candidate portfolio make-up at the 2080 timestep The ten portfolios were then evaluated using the objectives, sub-objectives, and measures discussed in Chapter 2 and identified in more detail in Appendix J. These ten portfolios underwent further evaluation, emphasizing planning objectives such as water supply, economics, equity, environmental impact, and feasibility. Based on the scores from this detailed assessment, portfolio six was selected as the preferred portfolio for the Water Forward 2024 plan. The strategies in this portfolio are further described in Chapter 5 and the detailed results of the portfolio evaluation are included in Appendix J. The graphic below shows the scores for the ten portfolios. As shown, while portfolio six has a lower water supply benefits score (yellow bar) compared to portfolio ten, it has the overall highest total score due to factors of cost, equity, environmental impact, and feasibility. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 24  2080 Portfolio Evaluation Results Colorado River Land Analysis The purpose of the Colorado River Land Analysis was to evaluate how Austin Water could further protect and preserve Austin’s drinking water quality and water quantity through land conservation strategies in the lower Colorado River basin. The goal of Austin Water’s land conservation is to protect these sensitive land areas to prevent water quality impacts associated with development of impervious surfaces and intense land uses. This protection not only provides good stewardship of our surrounding natural features but will also help protect water quality and lower costs associated with treating water now and in the future. While much of the land in the lower Colorado River basin is outside of Austin’s development controls, there are still opportunities to implement land conservation and best management practices upstream of Austin’s current and future drinking water intakes. The analysis evaluated areas in the lower Colorado river basin upstream of Austin by considering water supply and environmental factors. This was done with the use of geographic information systems (GIS) mapping tools to overlay water supply and environmental factors and identify priority areas for land conservation. Water supply factors included stream flow, spring location, recharge zones, and location of undesirable features such as oil and gas wells. Environmental factors included vegetation, slope incline, impervious cover, protected land, and riparian and flood plain areas. Conservation priority areas were selected by first analyzing each individual factor and normalizing them on an equivalent scale. The factors were then combined to create a raster dataset that ranks desirable conservation areas. The results of this analysis are shown in the image below, with darker purple areas indicating higher priority areas for conservation. 25 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT  Colorado River Land Analysis Study Area, higher priority conservation areas shown in darker shades of purple WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 26  CHAPTER 5 FUTURE WATER STRATEGIES Water Conservation Strategies Note for reviewers: 2030 and 2040 yields for conservation and non-potable reuse strategies are subject to change as they are aligned with the Water Conservation Plan. Utility-Side Water Loss Control Utility Side Water Loss Control is a strategy to decrease water lost from the City’s water system. AW’s efforts to control water loss include managing leaks, reducing non-revenue water, and improving data quality. This strategy will include additional efforts to improve the accuracy of meters at water treatment plants, expanding active leak detection programs, and using new methods to analyze water loss data. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 2,800 2040 7,500 2050 9,400 2060 11,300 2070 13,200 2080 15,000 Capital Cost Capital Cost including Contingencies Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $45,000,000 $69,655,000 $7,031,000 $267 27 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT  Five Year Implementation Actions • Continue improving water audit data and processes (Ongoing) • Launch a cross-functional AW Water Loss team to implement the recommendations of the water loss report (2024) • Begin initiative to improve production meter precision (2024) • Pilot two District Metered Areas (2024) • Optimize leak detection activity and data management improvements (2025) • • Enhance large meter testing (2026) Implement additional District Metered Areas (2025-2029) Customer-Side Water Use Management Placeholder – graphic in development. Existing customer-side water use management efforts include requiring that all site plans for new development include water benchmarking applications, replacing all meters in the City with new smart meters, rolling out the My ATX Water customer portal, and many conservation and reuse rebates and incentives. This strategy includes expanded customer incentives for conservation, use of benchmarking and My ATX Water data to create water use budgets for customers and to expand identification of customer‐side water leaks, and water use reduction from customer behavior changes based on near real‐time water use data. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 200 2040 2,100 2050 3,800 2060 5,500 2070 7,200 2080 8,800 WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 28  Capital Cost Capital Cost including Contingencies Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $325,000 $325,000 $681,000 $52 Five Year Implementation Actions • Provide customer leak alerts (Ongoing) • Increase the use of incentives for commercial, institutional, and industrial customers (2025) • Begin the development of necessary data and program design for water use benchmarking and budgeting of single-family residential, commercial, and industrial customers (2025) Increase commercial and industrial engagement using the My ATX Water portal (2026) Implement additional customer water use management education (2026) • • Native and Efficient Landscapes Austin Water currently has rebate and incentive programs to help customers transition to native and efficient landscapes. This strategy includes additional efforts including new landscape transformation ordinances and incentives, irrigation efficiency incentives, and other approaches to promote conversion to native and efficient landscapes. 29 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 600 2040 1,800 2050 2,900 2060 3,900 2070 5,000 2080 6,100 Capital Cost Capital Cost including Customer Costs Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $75,000 $832,815,000 $55,726,000 $5,112 Five Year Implementation Actions • Restrict drip irrigation as automatic irrigation (2024) • Inspect new residential irrigation systems (2024) • Adjust landscaping and grey water incentives to encourage greater participation (2024) • Limit the area of automatic irrigation in new homes and require efficiency components in irrigation systems (2025) • Develop necessary data to analyze irrigation water use patterns (2025) • Engage commercial and residential irrigators using the My ATX Water portal and outreach, including developing data management tools, conducting pilot testing, and integrating commercial customers into communications portal (2026) WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 30  Non-Potable Reuse Strategies Note for reviewers: 2030 and 2040 yields for conservation and non-potable reuse strategies are subject to change as they are aligned with the Water Conservation Plan. Centralized Reclaimed Austin's centralized reclaimed water system, or "purple pipe" system, currently provides highly‐ treated wastewater effluent for non‐potable uses such as irrigation, cooling, manufacturing, and toilet flushing to customers. This strategy represents expansion of existing centralized reclaimed water use, including codes and incentives to require or encourage connection to the centralized reclaimed water system. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 1,100 8,200 12,900 17,600 22,300 26,900 Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $899,162,000 $1,407,041,000 $93,530,000 $2,243 31 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Five Year Implementation Actions • Implement new projects to increase supply and extend the centralized service area (Ongoing) • Conduct water benchmarking with all new commercial and industrial customers to identify uses appropriate for reclaimed water, and require connection to the reclaimed system in accordance with development requirements (Ongoing) • Evaluate the results of implementation of the GoPurple program and recommend revisions to the program, including distance requirements and incentives (rebates) for connection to the centralized reclaimed system (Annually) Implement projects to Complete the Core (2024-2027) • • Complete Reclaimed Water Long Range Plan update (2026) Decentralized Reclaimed Placeholder – photograph to be added. This strategy was included as "Distributed Wastewater Reuse" in the Water Forward 2018 Plan. Decentralized Reclaimed is defined for Water Forward 2024 as the collection of wastewater from sewer systems separate from the Austin's centralized wastewater system, and treatment and reuse of that wastewater at the neighborhood scale. Reuse of the treated water via a dual (purple) pipe system will supply irrigation, landscaping, toilet flushing, and cooling demands. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 0 2040 200 2050 500 2060 800 2070 1,100 2080 1,300 WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 32  Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $138,375,000 $215,071,000 15,991,000 $5,158 Five Year Implementation Actions • Collaborate with new developments through the service extension request (SER) process to identify opportunities for decentralized reclaimed and appropriate cost participation by Austin Water (ongoing) • Complete Wastewater System Long Range Plan Update, including identifying existing wastewater treatment plants, future sites, and potential future sites/service areas (2025) • Develop infrastructure planning and design guidance (2025-2029) Onsite Water Reuse Austin currently has ordinances requiring onsite reuse of rainwater and air conditioning condensate for new developments over 250,000 square feet. This strategy includes 33 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT implementation of these existing ordinances as well as future phases of onsite reuse implementation. Onsite reuse water can be sourced from rainwater, stormwater, air conditioning condensate, graywater, or black water. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 1,100 2040 4,000 2050 5,700 2060 7,300 2070 9,000 2080 10,600 Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $841,418,000 $950,624,000 $145,994,000 $8,957 Five Year Implementation Actions • Evaluate the results of implementation of the GoPurple program and recommend revisions to the program, including onsite reuse requirements and incentives (rebates) (annually) • Determine the feasibility of fully subsidizing the cost of reclaimed connections, onsite water reuse systems, and dual plumbing for deeply affordable housing projects (2025) • Begin planning for expansion of onsite reuse requirements to include new medium- sized developments (2025-2028) Potable Water Supply Strategies Aquifer Storage and Recovery WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 34  Austin’s Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project will store drinking water from Austin’s water treatment plants. This water will be available under Austin’s existing water rights and will be stored in the aquifer during periods when water is more plentiful, maximizing Austin’s existing supplies. Stored water withdrawn from the ASR project will be treated as needed to be compatible with Austin’s drinking water quality and then distributed to customers. Austin Water is currently finalizing a desktop analysis to identify favorable locations for an ASR pilot and full- scale project. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2040 44,500 2050 44,500 2060 44,500 2070 44,500 2080 44,500 Annual Storage Targets (acre feet) 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 60,000 120,000 180,000 240,000 300,000 2030 0 0 Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $941,554,000 $1,526,808,000 $166,747,000 $2,003 Five Year Implementation Actions • Complete Phase 1A desktop analysis to identify favorable ASR locations (2024) • Conduct Phase 1B field testing and make recommendations for ASR pilot project (2025) project (2026-2028) • Conduct Phase 2 ASR pilot testing and develop recommendations for full-scale ASR • Begin Phase 3 preliminary engineering and design for full-scale ASR project (2029) 35 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Lake Walter E. Long Off-Channel Reservoir This strategy would use Lake Walter E. Long (formed by Decker Dam) as a water supply reservoir to meet customer demands. Lake Walter E. Long is supplied by water diverted from the Colorado River, and this strategy includes a new intake adjacent to the current intake location. The reservoir would be operated so that lake levels would fluctuate within a limited five-foot range during drought periods. Water from this strategy would be treated for potable use at a new water treatment plant using advanced treatment processes. Lake Walter E. Long is currently used for recreation (managed by the City’s Parks and Recreation Department) and for the operation of the Decker Power Plant (managed by the City’s electric utility, Austin Energy). This strategy provides co-benefits to those uses and Austin Water is coordinating with those departments in its development. 2030 0 2030 0 Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2040 18,300 2040 6,100 Annual Storage Targets (acre feet) 2050 18,300 2050 6,100 2060 18,300 2060 6,100 2070 18,300 2070 6,100 2080 18,300 2080 6,100 Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $331,634,000 $518,117,000 $55,507,000 $3,033 WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 36  Five Year Implementation Actions • Complete feasibility report to evaluate off-channel reservoir configurations and recommend a preferred configuration (2025) • Begin water quality sampling of Lake Walter E. Long (2025) • Begin preliminary engineering of a conceptual project layout for the preferred strategy configuration, including Colorado River infrastructure, improvements to the intake pipeline, water treatment plant infrastructure, intake infrastructure, and distribution system integration. (2026) Indirect Potable Reuse Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) through Lady Bird Lake would include pumping highly‐treated reclaimed water from new side‐stream treatment facilities located near the South Austin Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant into Lady Bird Lake via new reclaimed transmission main. Water would then be pulled from Lady Bird Lake into the Ullrich Water Treatment Plant using a new intake pipe and pump station and treated for potable use. IPR would only be used when the combined storage of Lakes Travis and Buchanan drops below 400,000 acre feet. Outside of drought emergencies, the intake and pump station from IPR could be used to capture local spring inflows to Lady Bird Lake when available and the reclaimed transmission infrastructure would be used to support the centralized reclaimed water system. Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 *** 2040 *** 2050 22,400 2060 22,400 2070 22,400 2080 22,400 37 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost including Contingencies and Land Acquisition Annual Cost O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Total Annual Cost ($ per acre foot per year) $114,104,000 $180,486,000 $19,710,000 $880 Five Year Implementation Actions • Develop IPR schematic design, design criteria, technical specifications (2024) • Begin design-build procurement process and, pending Council approval, issue design- build contract (2025) • Preliminary target for substantial completion of IPR project construction (2028) Brackish Groundwater Desalination Brackish Groundwater Desalination is defined as the withdrawal and desalination of brackish (salty) groundwater for treatment to potable drinking water. This strategy would use water from an aquifer that has salinity levels in excess of TCEQ guidelines and rules for drinking water. The water would be withdrawn through wells, then treated by advanced treatment processes such as reverse osmosis to reduce the salinity and condition the water to be compatible with Austin’s drinking water. The water would be conveyed to a connection point with Austin’s water distribution system through transmission mains (large pipelines). The treatment process creates a very salty wastewater (brine) that requires disposal in accordance with state regulations. Development of this strategy will include desktop analysis and pilot testing. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 38  Annual Yield Targets (acre feet per year) 2030 0 2040 0 2050 0 2060 0 2070 20,000 2080 40,000 Capital Cost of Infrastructure Capital Cost incl. Contingencies and Land Acquisition Total Annual Cost – O&M and Debt Service ($ per year) Annual Cost of Water ($ per acre foot per year) $429,403,000 $767,453,000 $107,500,000 $2,688 Five Year Implementation Actions • Begin scoping for desktop analysis to identify favorable locations for brackish groundwater desalination (2028) Best Management Practices The following are best management practices for which it may not be possible to calculate a water yield, but which help to achieve the yields of other strategies. These best management practices will be implemented by Austin Water to support successful implementation of the overall plan goals. • Promote customers’ knowledge of watering days through direct customer communications, social media, and collaboration with print, radio, and television media. • Continue to provide follow-up information after My ATX Water meters are installed. • Expand the reach of Austin Water’s public outreach and education through partnerships with community organizations, nurseries, landscapers, and irrigation installers, among others. Evaluate the budget for these programs annually. • Clarify and streamline public-facing information on incentive programs. Provide comprehensive and easy-to-understand forms for participating. • Expand training programs and resources for landscapers, including sample landscape plans and information on native plants. • Expand outreach to existing developments near the reclaimed system to promote connection. • Complete an ongoing evaluation of the Service Extension Request process and recommend improvements to the process. 39 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Land Conservation Strategies Water Forward 2024 includes a review of strategies that protect Austin’s source water quality and quantity through land management practices. These strategies are in addition to, and work in concert with, the ongoing work of Austin Water’s Wildlands program, described above. Additionally, Austin Water collaborates with the City’s Watershed Protection Department and Parks and Recreation Department on streambank restoration, creek water quality protection, and flood risk mitigation, as well as day-to-day land management strategies. Austin Water will continue to identify important areas of land and work to conserve those natural resources for future generations. The following conservation strategies are being considered by Austin Water to help protect the City’s water resources and the environment. Austin Water will consider purchasing some of these land areas outright. While this will allow Austin Water to have complete control of a property, it is also the most expensive option due to the cost of the land and yearly costs to manage the property to protect the natural resources. For some land areas, Austin Water will consider creating conservation easements. A conservation easement is a strategy where the utility purchases the development rights to a property from the landowner, preventing future development of the property. This strategy is less costly than purchasing the land outright, but Austin Water may still be responsible for managing and maintaining the land. Sometimes, the City can partner with a non-profit organization to manage and preserve the property. There is cost associated with these partnerships and Austin Water will continue to monitor the property for compliance with the terms of the agreements. Similar to a conservation easement, the City may also elect to pay some landowners directly to manage their property. In this strategy, rather than purchasing the development rights, the City would pay the property owner to manage the property in accordance with the terms of the agreement. This strategy would require additional staffing resources to manage payments and monitor the property for compliance. Austin Water will also continue public education and outreach to landowners on land management best practices. While this strategy may cost the least, the cost can vary depending on how many engagement activities are created by Austin Water. Using creative and interactive ways to educate the public about land conservation and stewardship, source water protection, stream bank protection, native plants, watershed protection, and flood response and preparedness will help foster personal connections to landowners and local community organizations working in land conservation. Austin Water will continue to engage the public and community regarding these land conservation strategies, considering combinations of the strategies in different priority areas, and will continue the important work of protecting the natural environment and our water supply sources. WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 40  CHAPTER 6 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Adaptive Management Approach Water Forward 2024 provides a roadmap to guide development of future programs, projects, and ordinances. Implementation of Water Forward 2018 strategies are already underway, and Austin Water will begin to implement the additional water strategies included in Water Forward 2024 soon after City Council approval of the Water Forward Plan. During the next five years, Austin Water will act in alignment with the five-year implementation actions included for each strategy in Chapter 5. The plan will use an adaptive management approach. This means that strategy effectiveness will be monitored and evaluated at regular intervals. This evaluation will be publicly reported. The findings will also inform potential adjustments that Austin Water may need to make to specific strategies. The Water Forward plan will also continue to be updated on a five-year cycle to review program effectiveness and incorporate updated data and changing conditions into the overall plan. These steps provide continual feedback that we are on track to meet our goals. 41 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Mitigating Inequitable Impacts The Equity and Affordability evaluation of water strategies identified possible inequitable impacts of each strategy. Approaches to mitigate these impacts are described in the table below. Many of these approaches are similar across the strategies. These approaches will be incorporated into tailored program, policy, and project planning and design. Strategy Type Conservation Approaches to Mitigate Inequitable Impacts • Tailor program design and implementation of water budgets to avoid penalizing larger households and imposing inequitable burdens on marginalized communities • Tailor program design, code development, and enforcement of landscape and irrigation requirements to avoid imposing inequitable burdens on marginalized communities • Provide water conservation education, training programs, grants, and financial assistance to marginalized communities to help them keep their water use below water budget allowances and to minimize maintenance burdens management, etc. for dual plumbed systems. • Promote programs to assist customers in marginalized communities who are trying to navigate the permitting process in accessing education and assistance • Continue to work with the Watershed Protection Department to allow centralized reclaimed water for outdoor irrigation across our community, by mitigating potential water quality impacts from reclaimed irrigation • Continue to identify locations for onsite reuse or sewer mining to make reuse water available in areas of the City where centralized or decentralized reclaimed water is not available • Continued implementation of the GoPurple program, including code exemptions for affordable housing and financial and development incentives Reuse • Provide programs for maintenance support, training for building Supply • Minimize rate impacts through Customer Assistance Programs • Use low cost implementation project funding through Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) programs • Address construction impacts on marginalized communities (traffic, noise, etc.) • Explore options to minimize potential impacts to neighboring communities that may be impacted by strategies located outside of Austin Water’s service area • For brackish groundwater desalination, develop effective brine handling methods that consider environmental impacts • For Indirect Potable Reuse, evaluate and implement appropriate treatment processes for water discharged into Lady Bird Lake WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 42  • Partner with community organizations to provide education on water supply strategies and water quality Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptation Metrics to monitor implementation and the effectiveness of water strategies are listed below. Strategy Type Metric Adaptation Triggers Possible Adaptation Actions Strategy yields meet targets based on actual population growth Annual strategy yield falls below target levels for two years in a row Conservation Strategy implementation progress Progress falls behind action timeline Reuse Strategy yields meet targets based on actual population growth Annual strategy yield falls below target levels for two years in a row Strategy implementation progress Progress falls behind action timeline Supply Annual strategy yield Annual strategy yield falls below target levels for two years in a row Progress falls behind action timeline Demands increase beyond __% of supplies Strategy implementation progress Historical annual demands compared to historical actual annual supply • Use smart meter data to enhance tailored customer outreach via My ATX Water portal • Re-evaluate and enhance incentive programs • Increase utility water loss control programs • Re-evaluate staffing and funding levels for projects and programs • Re-evaluate and enhance GoPurple incentive program • Re-evaluate and enhance reclaimed marketing • Identify reclaimed system projects that can be accelerated to improve system reliability and meet additional customer demand • Re-evaluate staffing and funding levels for projects and programs • Identify supply project delivery methods and tasks that can be accelerated • Evaluate possible alternative supply project configurations or approaches • Accelerate implementation of emergency supply strategies • Re-evaluate staffing and funding levels for projects and programs 43 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT Reporting, Communication, and Collaboration Austin Water will provide quarterly reports on implementation progress to the Water and Wastewater Commission, the Resource Management Commission, and the Water Forward Task Force. These quarterly reports will include leading demand reduction and supply performance measures. Austin Water will also develop public year-end annual reports including leading performance measures, descriptions of programmatic efforts, conservation performance, and total water use and loss. Additional best practices that have been identified to incorporate into future strategy implementation phases are listed below. • Accountability • Communication o Create an online dashboard providing data and updates about strategy implementation progress including equity and affordability considerations o Share implementation progress for strategies in a visually appealing way o Create systems for community feedback and input during strategy implementation o Continue to share and bolster relevant and accessible information about Austin Water programs and incentives o Continue to work to provide multiple ways to access information, considering how information may be accessed by people with different abilities and preferences (audio, visual, paper handouts, web content, etc.) • Collaboration o Collaborate with City of Austin departments and workgroups o Work closely with regional partners such as the Lower Colorado River Authority and the Lower Colorado River (Region K) Water Planning Group o Maintain relationships with community organizations, especially those that serve marginalized communities WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT | 44 APPENDICES Note for reviewers: These technical memoranda are in development. Page | Chapter X | A - Community Engagement Summary X | B - Equity and Affordability Roadmap X | C - Plan Development Methodology X | D - Population, Employment, and Demand Projections X | E - Climate and Hydrology Analysis X | F - Water Management Strategy Cost and Yield Characterization X | G - Water Management Strategy Equity Evaluation X | H - Colorado River Land Analysis Evaluation X | I - Water Strategy Assessment and Vulnerability Evaluation X | J - Portfolio Development and Evaluation 45 | WATER FORWARD 2024 - DRAFT